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Title: Cellular Division Mitosis and Meiosis
Description: The cell cycle for mitosis and meiosis with an in depth explanation of each phase, the functions and processes, interphase, prophase,metaphase, anaphase and cytokinesis.
Description: The cell cycle for mitosis and meiosis with an in depth explanation of each phase, the functions and processes, interphase, prophase,metaphase, anaphase and cytokinesis.
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Cell Division Notes
Mitosis is a form of nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes as the parent nucleus
...
Mitosis produces two
cells of diploid number with 2n/46 chromosomes
...
DNA stores all the information that a cell needs in order to grow
and to carry out vital activities
...
The daughter
cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell
...
The cells must be identical to develop normally
...
This may cause uncontrolled division of cells
...
Cell Cycle
1
...
Cells carry out normal
cellular activities
...
They cannot be distinguished individually
...
Just before
mitosis, each chromatin replicates, producing two identical sister chromatid threads joined by
the centromere
...
Prophase Chromatin threads condense, coil and shorten to become chromosomes
...
Asters form
around the centrioles
...
The two pairs of centrioles move apart
to two opposite ends of the cell
...
A spindle forms
with the spindle fibres extending from one pole of the cell to another
...
Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the spindle
...
4
...
The spindle fibres shorten and pull apart the chromatids
toward opposite poles of the cell
...
5
...
A nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at
each pole of the cell
...
6
...
In animal cells, furrows appear in the cytoplasm
between the two nuclei which deepen and two identical daughter cells are finally produced
...
A
cell plate is formed between the two daughter nuclei, dividing the cell into two
...
Uses of Mitosis
●
Growth New cells must be produced by mitosis to grow in multicellular organisms
...
Skin cells divide in the Malphigan layer constantly by mitosis, producing new cells to replace
wornout cells from the upper layers
...
Meiosis is a form of nuclear division that produces cells with daughter nuclei containing half the number
of chromosomes
...
Meiosis is found
in reproduction, where it produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent
cell
...
The male gamete is a sperm and the female gamete
is an ovum
...
Meiosis
1
...
Homologous chromosomes have the same shape,
same genes and same length
...
Each chromosome will then consist of two chromatids
attached at the centromere
...
Asters form around the centrioles which move
apart to opposite poles of the cell and nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear and spindle
fibres formed
...
Metaphase I Pairs of homologous chromosomes arrange themselves along the equatorial
plane of the spindle
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
Nuclear envelope
disappears
...
7
...
8
...
Sister chromatids separate to become daughter
chromosomes, which are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell
...
Telophase II Spindle fibres disappear
...
A nucleolus forms
...
Cytokinesis II Cleavage of cytoplasm results in four daughter cells being produced, each with
half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
...
●
Variation in Gametes Variation occurs due to crossing over and independent assortment of
chromosomes
...
This results in four different gametes
being produced from two chromosomes
...
Mitosis
Meiosis
Daughter cells contain the same number of
Daughter cells contain half the number of
chromosomes as parent cell
...
Pairing of male and female homologous
Male and female homologous chromosomes pair
chromosomes does not occur
...
No crossing over of male and female homologous
Crossing of male and female homologous
chromosomes
chromosomes may occur
...
parent cell
...
Four daughter cells produced
...
repair of body parts
Title: Cellular Division Mitosis and Meiosis
Description: The cell cycle for mitosis and meiosis with an in depth explanation of each phase, the functions and processes, interphase, prophase,metaphase, anaphase and cytokinesis.
Description: The cell cycle for mitosis and meiosis with an in depth explanation of each phase, the functions and processes, interphase, prophase,metaphase, anaphase and cytokinesis.