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Progressive  Ideas  and  Movements  
Outline  the  meaning  and  origin  of  the  following  ideas:  capitalism,  socialism,  
egalitarianism,  nationalism,  imperialism,  Darwinism,  Chartism
...
Economic system based on the rights of the individual
 
SOCIALISM-­‐    A  theory  or  system  of  social  organization  that  advocates  the  vesting  
of  the  ownership  and  control  of  the  means  of  production  and  distribution,  of  
capital,  land,  etc
...
 A  socialist  country  is  a  country  
where  the  government  is  going  to  intervene  with  how  the  country  is  run
...
   
 
DARWINISM-­‐  The  theory  of  evolution  of  species  by  natural  selection  advanced  
by  Charles  Darwin-­‐  survival  of  the  fittest  
 
NATIONALISM-­‐  An  extreme  form  of  patriotism  marked  by  a  feeling  of  superiority  
over  the  other  countries-­‐  love  your  people  and  your  country
...
 One  country  takes  over  another  country  and  governs  another  country
...
 How  the  government  is  
chosen
...
 

 
THE  ENLIGHTENMENT:  
 
The  Enlightenment:  Definition  
Period  in  the  late  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries  when  it  was  believed  reason  
should  come  before  tradition  and  superstition
...
 
   
A  philosophical  movement  which  started  in  Europe  in  the  1700's
...
 Writers  of  the  enlightenment  tended  to  focus  on  government,  ethics,  
and  science,  rather  than  on  imagination,  emotions,  or  religion
...
 
 
ERA:  
1685-­‐  1815  
 
Important  Dates:  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Heroes  of  enlightenment:  
 
Isaac  Newton-­‐  Newton  was  an  English  physicist  and  mathematician  who  is  widely  
recognised  as  one  of  the  most  influential  scientists  off  all  time  and  as  a  key  figure  in  the  
scientific  revolution  
 
Voltaire-­‐    A  French  enlightenment  writer,  historian  and  philosopher  famous  for  his  wit,  his  
attacks  established  on  the  church  and  his  advocacy  of  freedom  of  religion,  freedom  of  
expression  and  separation  of  church  and  state  
 
Denis  Diderot-­‐  Famous  French  philosopher,  art  critic  and  writer  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

  
THE  AMERICAN  WAR  OF  INDEPENDENCE  
 
The  American  War  of  Independence  Definition:  
 
The  American  Revolutionary  War  (1775–1783),  the  American  War  of  Independence  
in  the  United  States,  was  the  armed  conflict  between  Great  Britain  and  thirteen  of  its  
North  American  colonies,  which  had  declared  themselves  the  independent  United  
States  of  America-­‐  About  the  American’s  getting  away  from  the  British  (no  taxation  
without  representation-­‐  main  idea  of  American  war  of  independence)
...
 It  led  to  the  end  of  
the  monarchy
...
 
 
The French Revolution is regarded as a turning point, the beginning of modern
history
...
Their target was the
overthrow of the absolutist rule of the king, Louis XVI
...

ERA:  
1789-­‐  1794  
 
Important  Dates:  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  
 
 

INDUSTRIAL  REVOLUTION:  
Definition  of  the  industrial  revolution:  
The  Industrial  Revolution  is  the  name  given  to  the  great  changes  that  began  in  Britain  in  the  
eighteenth  century
...
 The  task  of  making  goods  was  taken  out  of  small  homes  and  villages  and  
placed  into  large  new  centres  of  manufacturing  where  people,  materials  and  technology  
were  gathered
...
 
 
Important  events:  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  
 
3
...
 
 
THE  ENLIGHTENMENT:  
 
Darwinism-­‐  
Link  to  Darwinism  -­‐  in  the  same  way  the  Enlightenment  was  a  challenge  to  God's  
role,  and  the  role  of  the  Church  -­‐  people  finding  their  own  explanations  for  things  
rather  than  just  thinking  and  accepting  it  was  God's  will,  Charles  Darwin  challenged  
the  Church  too  -­‐  no  more  Adam  and  Eve  as  the  first  humans,  created  by  God,  but  
rather  a  slow  evolution  from  apes  which  seemed  to  discount  God's  role  altogether    
 
THE  AMERICAN  WAR  OF  INDEPENDENCE:  
 
Egalitarianism-­‐  Egalitarianism  is  the  belief  in  the  equality  of  all  men  and  this  played  a  major  
role  in  the  American  War  of  Independence
...
 America  had  spent  so  long  under  the  control  of  British  rule  
and  they  came  to  realise  that  Britain  held  unfair  political  power  over  them
...
 The  American’s  released  a  statement  to  the  British  saying  “we  don’t  like  
being  taxed,  but  let  us  have  some  say  in  the  government”
...
 
Egalitarianism  also  came  into  play  when  the  Americans  started  winning  wars  and  realising  
the  potential  and  power,  they  had
...
 
 
Nationalism-­‐    
During  the  nineteenth  century,  nationalism  was  a  very  strong  force  for  change  throughout  
Europe  and  Latin  America
...
   
• The  Americans  were  beginning  to  feel  as  though  they  no  longer  belonged  to  England  
anymore
...
 The  only  thing  that  could  possibly  link  the  nation  together  was  the  belief  that  
everyone  was  supposed  to  serve  the  king
...
 Some  of  them  no  
longer  saw  themselves  as  "subject"  to  serve  the  king,  instead,  they  began  seeing  
themselves  as  "citizens"  who  serve  their  own  nation  proudly
...
 
-­‐ When  the  king  stopped  doing  his  job  well,  the  French  citizens  banded  together  as  
one  and  worked  together  as  a  nation  to  overthrow  the  king  
-­‐ The  French  Revolution  helped  to  create  the  idea  of  nationalism  because  it  promoted  
the  idea  that  the  people  owned  the  state  and  that  the  people  had  an  important  
stake  in  the  state
...
 
 
Egalitarianism-­‐  The  motto  of  the  French  Revolution  of  1789,  "Liberté,  égalité,  fraternité",  
was  only  really  institutionalized  during  the  Third  Republic  at  the  end  of  the  19th  Century
...
 
-­‐  The  French  believed  that  they  deserve  equal  say  to  the  king  in  how  the  country  should  be  
ruled  
-­‐ The  word  egalitarianism  is  derived  from  the  French  and  means  ‘equality’
...
 The  
motto  of  the  French  Revolution  was  ‘Liberty,  Equality  and  Fraternity’,  and  the  hope  was  
that  those  ideals  would  replace  the  existing  inequalities  and  injustice
...
 
Factory  owners  don’t  provide  food,  decent  living  space,  safe  working  conditions,  time  off  
for  sickness  etc
...
   This  
became  possible  during  the  industrial  revolution  because  of  advances  in  production  
technology  and  the  ability  to  mass-­‐produce  commonly  used  consumer  items
...
 How  could  this  not  be  
an  incentive  to  a  capitalist  economy?  
 
 
 

  

Outline  and  explain  the  origin  of  a  chosen  idea  (from  the  seven  isms),  the  
role  of  an  individual  in  the  promotion  of  an  idea,  responses  to  the  idea  
(supporters  /  opponents)  and  changes  to  the  idea  over  time
...
 An  egalitarian  favors  equality  of  
some  sort:  People  should  get  the  same,  or  be  treated  the  same,  or  be  treated  as  equals,  in  
some  respect
...
 The  Age  of  
Enlightenment  was  an  era  from  the  1620s  to  the  1780s  in  which  cultural  and  intellectual  
forces  in  Western  Europe  emphasized  reason,  analysis,  and  individualism  rather  than  the  
traditional  lines  of  rights  and  authority
...
 Its  writers  questioned  the  established  order,  including  the  distribution  of  power
...
 
Many  Europeans  were  ruled  by  autocratic  monarchs  who  had  inherited  the  throne  and  
ruled  by  ‘divine  right’
...
 Peasants  comprised  the  largest  section  of  the  population;  some  of  them  
were  serfs,  actually  owned  by  their  masters
...
 He  maintained  that  ‘no  man  has  natural  authority  over  
his  fellow’
...
 
 
-­‐ The  Americans  formed  strong  opinions  on  rights  and  freedom  during  their  time  
under  British  rule  and  these  opinions  were  written  in  Thomas  Jefferson’s  
“Declaration  of  Independence”
...
 Jefferson  was  described  as  
“a  father  figure  for  the  whole  country”  and  Jefferson’s  hopes  and  beliefs  were  
famously  documented  in  The  Declaration  of  Independence,  which  was  signed  on  the  
4th  of  July  1776
...
 This  declaration  touches  on  strong  ideas  of  egalitarianism  through  
the  way  Jefferson  rebels  against  British  government  and  establishes  new  ideas  
about  the  natural  rights  of  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness
...
   

  

-­‐ The  most  famous  sentence  in  the  declaration  of  independence  in  the  second  line  
“We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-­‐evident,  that  all  men  are  created  equal,  that  they  are                      
endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable  Rights,  that  among  these  are  Life,  
Liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  Happiness
...
 Major  
companies  like  the  UN  promote  this  idea  through  human  rights  and  equality  in  all  areas
...
 Now  Australia  has  a  
strong  belief  in  equality
...
 Australia’s  
government  also  promotes  the  idea  of  everybody  having  a  fair  go
...
 In  the  Eureka  
stockade,  people  panning  for  gold  in  Australia  were  forced  to  pay  taxes  to  the  government
...
 In  this  battle  a  lot  of  gold  panners  were  killed
...

The French revolution fits into the enlightenment because they had the same ideas- of
equality and rights
The industrial revolution links into the enlightenment- because they realised that they needed
technology for the industrial revolution and without science they wouldn’t be able to have
technology- you cant have science without technology so they are all interlinked

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