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Biology Test 1:
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Cell division occurs during
MITOSIS and cytokinesis
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Why do cells undergo cell division?
* Reproduce
* Growth
* Repair Damage
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(i
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cells duplicate their genetic information and divide)
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Asexual reproduction is the process of producing offspring from only one parent
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bateria
Offspring = daughter cells
2 forms of genetic information;
Chromosomal DNA (single stranded)
Plasmid (circular)
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e sex cells)
ex
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What is diffusion? How are the substances transported?
Diffusion is a transport mechanism (way) for moving chemicals into and out of the cell
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(i
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down the
concentration gradient)
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules down the concentration gradient across a partially
permeable membrane
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What does it mean to have a selectively or semi permeable membrane?
The membrane only always certain things to go in and out of it
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What is interphase? What is the most important role during interphase?
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle during which the cell performs its normal functions and its
genetic material is copied for preparation for cell division
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Mitosis is the first part of cell division
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STAGES: PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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the DNA (chromosomes) condenses, becoming shorter and thicker
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Cytokinesis:
final stage
cytoplasm divides
2 genetically identical daughter cells are formed
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How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? Haploid cell?
Somatic = 46
Haploid = 24
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What are sister chromatids?
two identical copies
connected by a centromere
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What are spindle fibres and when are they present (i
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When are they found? Prophase, Metaphase & Anaphase
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What is Cancer?
a broad group of diseases that result in uncontrolled cell division
* cell stays in interphase for a longer period of time
* cells check points may fail (mutations)
* inherited or triggered by environmental factors
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What is malignant and benign tumour?
Malignant = interferes with the functioning or surrounding cells and tissue
Benign = does not affect (by spreading to) surrounding tissue
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ABCD of moles
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Know the 4 different forms of treatment
Surgery *physically removing cancerous tissue
* common method
Chemotherapy *drug to treat cancer
*help slow or stop the cancer cells form diving and spreading
*side effects ; hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue
Radiation *cancer cells damaged by ionizing radiation (cannot divide further)
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