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Asexual Reproduction
• Now that you have seen the cell cycle
(how cells reproduce) and meiosis (how
gametes are formed) you can have a
better understanding of asexual and
sexual reproduction
...
We are
going to discuss these in detail
...
• http://en
...
org/wiki/Asexual_reprod
uction
Binary Fission
• The simplest form of asexual reproduction, in
which a parent organism divides into 2 equal
cells
...
• Involves 2 distinct phases:
i) duplication of genetic material
...
ii) division of the cytoplasm into 2 equal parts
...
• New organisms develop as small outgrowths or
buds on the parent organism
...
• Budding occurs in yeast, hydra, sponges and
some worms
...
• Spores are usually tiny special cells with a
hard protective wall around them
...
• Spores may be formed asexually or
sexually
...
A cell wall develops
around each nucleus and part of the
cytoplasm forming the spore
...
• Large numbers of spores are generally
produced
...
• Each fragment develops into a mature,
fully grown individual
...
Regeneration
• Regeneration is the ability of an organism to re-grow lost
body parts
...
• Powers of regeneration decrease as animals become
more complex
...
Vegetative Propagation/
Reproduction
• Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual
reproduction found in plants where new
individuals are formed without the production of
seeds or spores by meiosis
• It includes the processes in which
undifferentiated plant cells divide by mitosis and
then differentiate to form an independent plant
...
wikipedia
...
Vegetative Propagation
• A root or leaf is used to develop a new
plant
...
• There are different types of natural
vegetative propagation
...
1
...
• Tulips, onions, and lilies reproduce by
bulbs
2
...
• White potatoes are tubers
• Potato “eyes” are buds that if planted will
grow into a potato plant
3
...
g
...
Rhizomes
• Stems that grow horizontally underground
• Thick and fleshy and contain stored food
• Nodes are enlarged portions along the
side of the rhizomes, which produce buds
• The buds develop roots from the lower
surface and leaf bearing branches from
the upper surface
...
Ginger
Types of Artificial Vegetative
Propagation
1
...
In leaf cutting, a leaf or part of a leaf is placed in water
or moist soil
...
E
...
African violets
2
...
3
...
- The plant providing the roots is called the
stock
- The added piece is called the scion
- The growing regions of the scion and the
stock must be in close contact
- Although grafting is a type of reproduction,
nothing new is produced by the process
...
Advantages of artificial propagation:
1
...
Plants bearing seedless fruit can be
grown only by vegetative propagation
3
...
This is a
listing of such plants:
Apples, Bananas, Cannabis, citrus, dates, grapes,
figs, pineapples