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Title: Anatomy and Physiology
Description: Complete study guide for chapters 4,5,6 and 9 for college Anatomy and Physiology
Description: Complete study guide for chapters 4,5,6 and 9 for college Anatomy and Physiology
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Chapter 4
4 major tissues and their roles
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Relationship between
form and function for each type of epithelium
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How
cartilage and bone are supporting connective tissues
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How each connective tissue establishes the framework of the body
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Structure and role of neural tissue
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How aging
affects the body
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Neuron
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
Peritoneum
Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form ________ that cover and protect other structures and
tissues in the body
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The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage
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merocrine
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
bone
The body's first tissue response to any injury is ________
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muscle
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic
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smooth
Cells that are flat and thin are classified as
squamous
Blood is which type of tissue?
connective
A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
cartilage
Cells that are specialized for secretion
exhibit polarity
The heart and blood vessels are lined by
simple squamous epithelium
Cells that store fat are called
adipocytes
Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells
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This tissue is a type of
epithelium
The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are
simple and stratified
Chapter 5
Structures of the epidermis
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Interaction
between sunlight and vitamin D3
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Structure and function of the dermis
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How hair is produced
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Anatomical
structure of nails and how they are formed
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Effects of aging
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Dendritic
An albino individual lacks the ability to produce
melanin
The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty
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❖ ________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located
wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas
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❖ Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands
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ceruminous
❖ The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is
the ________ layer
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A physician treating a burn victim would likely order
all of the following,
except
ice packs applied to the burn area
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❖ Nail production occurs at the nail
root
❖ The two components of the integumentary system are the
cutaneous membrane and accessory structures
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❖ The protein that reduces water loss at the skin surface is
keratin
❖ Stretch marks occur when
the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded
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❖ Vitamin D
is important for proper ________ development
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4; 5
❖ All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands,
except
that it
produces
the body odor characteristic of "sweating
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Classify bones according to shape, and internal
organization with examples and the functional significance of each of the major types of bone markings
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Structure and function of compact and spongy bone
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Remodeling and homeostatic mechanisms of the skeletal
system
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Role of calcium
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Effects of aging on the skeletal system
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Which of the following are components of the skeletal system?
not
tendons
Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?
vertebra
The tip of a long bone is called the
epiphysis
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short
A rib is an example of a ________ bone
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sesamoid
Small, oddly shaped bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called ________ bones
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long
The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the ________
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2
Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
osteoblasts
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Osteoprogenitor cells
Through the action of osteoclasts,
bony matrix is dissolved
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________ account(s) for almost twothirds of the weight of bone
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The lacunae of osseous tissue contain
osteocytes
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The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called
canaliculi
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The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called
osteons
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spongy
The structural units of mature compact bone are called
osteons
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Which of the following is a characteristic of bone?
The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium
salts
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Red
The lining of the medullary cavity is called the
endosteum
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Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
cartilage model
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➢ Enlarged chondrocytes die
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➢ Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify
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➢ Perichondrial cells become osteoblasts and produce a thin shell of bone
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mesenchymal
Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is ?
falseesults in short, stubby fingers
r
Intramembranous ossification
produces flat bones as in the bones of the roof of the skull
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Which of the following statements is therefore
true he epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible
?
T
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When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,
long bones have reached their adult length
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➢ Osteoblasts differentiate within mesenchymal connective tissue
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➢ Mesenchymal cells aggregate
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A lack of exercise could
result in porous and weak bones
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Factors that are necessary for proper bone formation include all of the following,
except
vitamin E
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Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
calcitonin
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A child with rickets often has
bowed legs
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How can this bonerelated disease be prevented?
Supplement the diet with fresh fruit rich in vitamin C
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The disease osteomalacia causes calcium loss from the skeleton, which would result in bones that are
weaker and more
flexible
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While on a school skiing trip in Colorado, Heidi falls and breaks her tibia and fibula in a Pott fracture
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➢ A hematoma occurs
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➢ Osteoclasts remodel the bone at the site of repair
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A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called
osteoporosis
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Why does osteoporosis affect more women than men? omen have a decrease in sex hormones after menopause
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whereas men continue to produce male sex hormones throughout adulthood
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Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause
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Her physician suggests hormone therapy
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During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis
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What might she recommend for her patient?
All of the answers are correct
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Structure of synovial joint
and synovial joint accessory structures and functions
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Articulations of the vertebrae and the vertebral column
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Joints can be classified structurally as
All of the answers are correct
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An immovable joint is a(n)
synarthrosis
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A slightly movable joint is a(n)
amphiarthrosis
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An epiphyseal line is an example of a
synostosis
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Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)
gomphosis
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A joint where bones fuse together with bone tissue is called a
synostosis
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Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged?
All of the answers are correct
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Which of these is a property of articular cartilage?
not
covered by perichondrium
The surface of articular cartilage is
both slick and smooth
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Mike falls off his skateboard and
sprains
his ankle
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The joint between the carpels is a/an ________ joint
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To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called
opposition
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Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?
moving the hand toward the shoulder
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as
eversion
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flexes
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
hyperextension
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Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes?
plantar flexion
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?
turning the hand palm upward
Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension?
extreme bending of the head backwards
Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?
spreading the fingers
Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?
opening the mouth
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of
flexion and extension
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Title: Anatomy and Physiology
Description: Complete study guide for chapters 4,5,6 and 9 for college Anatomy and Physiology
Description: Complete study guide for chapters 4,5,6 and 9 for college Anatomy and Physiology