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Chemistry
Unit Activity
Unit 1: Matter and Atomic Structure
This Unit Activity will help you meet these educational goals:
Science Inquiry—You will explore the contribution of Ernest Rutherford to our
knowledge of the atom by doing online research and collecting information
...
STEM—You will use simulations to analyze scientific investigations and, in the
process, gain insight into STEM careers
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Introduction
It’s important to understand that our current knowledge of the atom is an evolutionary
work, built across decades by many scientists who each used the technology and
equipment available in their day
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Ernest Rutherford is considered the father of nuclear physics
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Rutherford’s theory was based
on his famous gold-foil scattering experiment
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In this lesson activity, you will explore Rutherford’s life, work, and contributions to atomic
theory
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Directions and Analysis
Task 1: Rutherford and his experiment
Read about Ernest Rutherford and use the key search terms to find more information
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Key search terms: Ernest Rutherford, scattering experiment, alpha scattering, gold foil
experiment, gold foil bombardment, discovery of the nucleus of the atom, classical chemistry
experiments
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1
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Type your response here: He was the fourth child and the second son
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Later on, He became chairmen of advisory council H
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department
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2
...
”
Type your response here: Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive halflife, proved that radioactivity involved the transmutation of one chemical element to
another, & differentiated & named alpha & beta radiation, proving that the former
was essentially helium ions
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3
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There was probably also a suspicion in Rutherford's
mind that the Plumb Pudding model may not correctly explain the structure
of matter
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c) the properties that prompted Rutherford to use alpha particles and gold (What set
of experimental conditions would make it easiest to detect differences in atomic
structure?)
Type your response here: Gold is a good choice as a stable heavy metal that
is easily formed into uniform and thin sheets of measurable property
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2
d) the conclusions he drew from this experiment
Type your response here: Because the deflection of some alpha particles
were extreme, this enabled the Plum Pudding model of a sea of positive
charges to be rejected
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Task 2: Rutherford scattering experiment
Open the Rutherford Scattering Simulation
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Turn on the gun and
observe the alpha particle paths
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) Now answer the following questions:
1
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2
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These deviations are caused by repulsion of like charges,
which are the proton and the alpha particle
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3
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4
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Type your response here:
Now, click the Plum Pudding Atom tab, explore by selecting various settings on the righthand side panel, and then answer the following questions:
3
5
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6
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The “pudding” in the model is supposed to be positive, but the area is
wide-spread that there is no repulsion force acting upon the particles
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Note any questions that you may still have
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10 points possible:
Rutherford and his experiment: 5 points maximum
Rutherford Scattering Simulation: 5 points maximum
Rutherford and his experiment
5 points
gave an account of Ernest
Rutherford’s life
listed Rutherford’s major
achievements
Rutherford Scattering Simulation
5 points
noted the most striking part of the
simulation
explained the difference between the
angle of deviation of the alpha
4
explained Rutherford’s famous alpha
particle scattering experiment
particles closer to the nucleus and
that of those particles that are farther
from the nucleus
provided conclusion(s) drawn from
the simulation
explained the path of alpha particles
in relation to each subatomic particle
Self-Checked Activity: For Advanced Understanding
Note: This section may be optional; follow your instructor’s directions
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It will challenge your
knowledge of the unit concepts, help you tie different concepts together, and help you gain
confidence in addressing written response test items
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Read the directions section carefully
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Unless directed otherwise, answer the question in essay form; do not use bullets, outline
format, etc
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