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CPE101

COMPUTERS AND
COMPUTING FOR ENGINEERS
Lecture 2
Computing System (continued)

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OUTLINE
Quick Revision from last class



Classification of Computers



Basic Computer Operations



Central Processing Unit



Memory System in a Computer



Input/ Output devices

CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



2

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QUICK REVISION
What is a Computer?



CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



Electronic, Input, Storage, Processing, Output

Computing System


Computer System
Hardware
 I/O, CPU, Memory, Peripherals
 Software
 System (Operating system vs
...
Expert

Generations of Electronic Computers (1st – 5th )

3

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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
No industry standard for classification
 Parameters for classification


CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



Signal type
Discrete signals
 Continuous signals




Purpose
General
 Specialized




Capacity
Not how big!!!
 Volume of work that can be handled
 Processing power
 Cost
 Memory size


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CLASSIFICATION BY SIGNAL TYPE

CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



Digital Computers
discrete, discontinuous (digits) variables
 input data (numbers, letters, etc) converted to binary form
 Most common form of computer today for business
applications






payroll, inventory, invoicing

Analog
continuous (non-discrete) variables
 input data converted into electrical voltages
 More exact as there are no approximations
 scientific and industrial applications






Hydrodynamics, rocket production

Hybrid
combines digital and analog qualities
 used in aerospace and process control apps


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CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE

CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



General purpose
designed to handle a wide range of problems
 uses alterable instructions to handle any problems
 application areas


Payroll/ Banking
 Billing/ Sales analysis




Special purpose
designed to solve a restricted class of problems
 typically hardwired and not programmable
 application areas (computers designed to solve)


navigational problems
 missile/ airplane/ drone control
 vehicle assembly / manufacturing industry


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GENERAL VS
...
)



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Processing


performing arithmetic and logical operations
takes data and instructions from storage unit
 carry out computations on data based on given instructions
 send results for storage




Output
visualizing results generated by processing unit
 output devices enable such visualization




Control
co-ordination of all operations including input,
processing and output
 takes care of step by step processing of all operations


CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



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BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS (CONTD
...
Secondary (Auxilliary)
RAM/ ROM vs
...
5mm to 25mm wide plastic film-type and 500
meter to 1200 meter long
 no longer in use today!
 READUP




Advantages of magnetic tapes

CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2

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SECONDARY MEMORY

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Magnetic Disk
similar to gramophone record tape
 data can be stored on both surfaces of the disk
 most popular storage device
 technology used in today’s hard disks




Floppy Disk
similar to magnetic disk
 5
...
2 megabytes)
 3
...
44 megabytes)
 going extinct


CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



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SECONDARY MEMORY (CONTD)

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Optical Disk


Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)





Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)





up to Gigabytes of data
read only like CDROM

Erasable Optical Disk




stores up to 700MB of data
read only after initial data writing

Rewritable versions of CD/ DVD

Flash drives
uses flash memory with an integrated USB interface
 up to TB with 100,000 write/erase cycles
 up to 10-year shelf storage time
 has no moving parts to be driven




uses same system commands as mechanical disk drive

CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2

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SECONDARY MEMORY (CONTD)

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Input Devices
Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner


Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
 Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)




Output Devices


Visual Display Unit




soft copy

Printer
hard copy
 impact (e
...
Dot-matrix) / non-impact (laser/inkjet) printers


CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



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INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES

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Quick Revision from last class



Classification of Computers



Basic Computer Operations



Central Processing Unit



Memory System in a Computer



Input/ Output devices

CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2



9/12/2015

SUMMARY

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CPE101 (Computer & Computing 4 Engineers)- Lecture 2

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