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Title: Amino Acids
Description: These notes are aimed primarily at first and second year medical students; however, they can be used for biology and chemistry majors. Anyone else who is interested in medicine and biochemistry can also use these notes.
Description: These notes are aimed primarily at first and second year medical students; however, they can be used for biology and chemistry majors. Anyone else who is interested in medicine and biochemistry can also use these notes.
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Glycine is an inhibitor neurotransmitter in the spinal cord
• Clostridium tetani bacteria can have some toxins that inhibit glycine release resulting in tetany
...
This
allows for collage to form the triple helix
...
• In the liver the amine group is removed to make pyruvate
...
IN Phenylketonuria patients are missing this enzyme
...
This allows them to act with DNA which has negatively charged
phosphates
...
Lysine:
• Used to make hydroxylysine in collagen (lysl hydroxylase + vit C)
• Cotranslational
Arganine:
• Used to make urea
• Precursor for nitric oxide
Histidine:
• Active site of enzymes
• Used to make histamine
Aspartate:
• Used to make Urea
Glutamate:
• Used to make GABA by decarboxylation
• Enzyme: glutamate decaroboxylate
Commented [R1]: “ate” referring to the salt form of the
acid (aspartic acid; glutamic acid)
Commented [R2]: Gamma- Amine group is on gamma
carbon; butyric= 4 carbons
S-adenosyl
methionine
Amide bond
Serine and Threonine:
•
•
O-glycosylation
Targets for Protein kinases
Cysteine and Methionine:
•
•
Have sulfur in their R groups
Necessary to form disulfide bonds
Cysteine:
•
•
Used to make acetylcysteine:
This is a drug used in acetaminophen overdose
A mucolytic agent that breaks disulfide bonds in mucus and liquefies it, making it easier to cough
...
So, what the body can do is take ammonia and combine with glutamate forming “amide bonds”
Amide bonds are never charged so the pH in the bloodstream will never change
...
Urea Cycle makes Arganine
Why is arginine essential during periods of growth?
•
•
Because of its dominance in histone proteins
Needed to support cell division and cell hypertrophy
Title: Amino Acids
Description: These notes are aimed primarily at first and second year medical students; however, they can be used for biology and chemistry majors. Anyone else who is interested in medicine and biochemistry can also use these notes.
Description: These notes are aimed primarily at first and second year medical students; however, they can be used for biology and chemistry majors. Anyone else who is interested in medicine and biochemistry can also use these notes.