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Title: Hormones- Water Soluble vs. Lipid Soluble, mechanism of action and intracellular messaging
Description: These notes are aimed primarily at first and second year medical students; however, they can be used for biology and chemistry majors. Anyone else who is interested in medicine and biochemistry can also use these notes.

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Can’t get into cells

Can get into cells

Ach M2 Gi

ACh M1, and M3

Phosphodiesteras
e breaks down 3’,
5’ cAMP into 5’AMP

Methyl xanthines

If serum glucose decreases

Gluconeogenesis (hours)

Glycogenolysis (min)

CREB:
• A specific transcription factor that binds to an enhancer region in the DNA in order to “enhance” gene expression
• Genes regulated by CREB include: c-fos, neurotrophin BDNF, tyrosine hydroxylase, and many neuropeptides (somatostatin,
encephalin, VGF and corticotropin-releasing hormone)
• Since CREB pathway is through activation of genes, it requires time and thus is the not the primary way to increase blood
glucose levels immediately (e
...
during exercise); however this pathway does start to be initiated when glucose levels begin to
drop
...

• 2) Phospholipase C (PLC) phosphorylates PIP2 into IP3 and DAG- which function as 2nd messengers
...

• 5) Calcium participates in the activation of protein kinase C with DAG
...


Imatinib- inactivates tyrosine kinase; anticancer drug

Dephosphorylation
DEACTIVATES

Dephosphorylation
ACTIVATES

Phosphorylation ACTIVATES

Phosphorylation DEACTIVATES


Title: Hormones- Water Soluble vs. Lipid Soluble, mechanism of action and intracellular messaging
Description: These notes are aimed primarily at first and second year medical students; however, they can be used for biology and chemistry majors. Anyone else who is interested in medicine and biochemistry can also use these notes.