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Title: The Field of Organizational Behaviour
Description: - Course introductory notes - Commerce notes - Organizational Behaviour
Description: - Course introductory notes - Commerce notes - Organizational Behaviour
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The Field of Organizational Behaviour
What is Organizational Behaviour?
• Organizational Behavior (OB): The field that seeks to understand individual, group, and
organizational processes in the workplace
...
Firmly grounded in the scientific method
...
Studies three levels – individuals, groups, and organizations
...
Interdisciplinary in nature (e
...
psychology, sociology)
...
Used as a basis for enhancing organizational effectiveness and individual well-being
...
• Two key assumptions of OB:
1
...
2
...
History of Organizational Behaviour;
Scientific Management – Frederick Winslow Taylor
• Focus on job performance and on increasing it through greater efficiency
...
• Credited: First careful study
...
Human Relations Movement – Elton Mayo
• In applying Scientific Management, output did not go up and keep going up when lighting
increased
...
g
...
• Hawthorne effect: Tendency for people being studied to behave differently than they ordinarily
would
...
• Henri Fayol: Division of labour
...
g
...
Today’s Organizations and Implications for OB;
Globalization:
Past
• Business operated and competed locally
...
g
...
• Expatriates, culture shock, repatriation, adjustment is u-shaped, optimism and excitement
confused and reject understand and accept
...
• Convergence hypothesis (North American findings are best and apply universally) versus
divergence hypothesis (findings are country-culture specific) (e
...
social loafing, quick decisionmaking)
...
Today
• More diversity (age, gender, ethnicity)
...
g
...
g
...
Technology:
Past
• Manual labour, physically at company
...
g
...
50 years ago?)
...
Outsourcing (e
...
call centers) and focusing on core
competencies (main business)
...
g
...
Telecommuting: Working from outside work (e
...
home) via communication technology
...
g
...
g
...
Doesn’t work best for all jobs and all people
Engagement:
Past
• Employees should be indebted to company
...
• Engagement: A mutual commitment between employers and employees to do things to help
one another achieve each other’s goals and aspirations
...
• Engaged employees have e
...
high levels of pride in organization and willingness to help others
...
g
...
According to survey: 31% engaged, 52% not engaged, 17% disengaged
Flexibility:
Past
• Permanent, full-time, 9AM-5PM, common benefits package
...
• Flexible hours: Mandatory core period but flexible start and end times
...
• Idiosyncratic work arrangements (i-deals): Employers and employees work out customized,
mutually beneficial work arrangements
...
• Job sharing: Two or more part-timers share one full-time job
...
• Pros and cons to each
Title: The Field of Organizational Behaviour
Description: - Course introductory notes - Commerce notes - Organizational Behaviour
Description: - Course introductory notes - Commerce notes - Organizational Behaviour