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Title: The Nervous System
Description: These notes are written for accelerated high school anatomy and physiology students. Because of the advanced status of the class, they may be quite useful for beginner college anatomy classes. They are very easy to read and understand. These notes go into detail about the organs encompassed by the nervous system, other parts, an in depth description of each, and a list of their functions.
Description: These notes are written for accelerated high school anatomy and physiology students. Because of the advanced status of the class, they may be quite useful for beginner college anatomy classes. They are very easy to read and understand. These notes go into detail about the organs encompassed by the nervous system, other parts, an in depth description of each, and a list of their functions.
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Chapter 9: The Nervous System
1) Central Nervous System
a
...
Spinal Cord
occupies vertebral canal within the vertebral column
2
...
Meninges Protective membranes located between bone and soft tissues (organs) of
CNS that have three layers
1
...
Outermost layer attached to inside of cranial cavity (skull)
b
...
May extend inward between lobes of brain to form partitions for support
and protection
d
...
Arachnoid Mater
a
...
Lacks blood vessels
c
...
Pia Mater
a
...
Contains many nerves and blood vessels which aid in nourishing the
underlying cells of brain and spinal cord
c
...
Structure of Spinal Cord
1
...
Padded by epidural space which contains loose connective tissue and fat tissue and
lies between dural sheath and bony wall of vertebral column
3
...
Cervical Enlargement
Thickening of spinal cord in neck region | Gives off nerves to
arms
1
5
...
Deep anterior median fissure and shallow posterior median sulcus Grooves
extending length of spinal cord dividing it into right and left halves
7
...
It is surrounded by white matter
...
Upper and lower wings of gray horns are called posterior and anterior horns
...
Protrusions on side of wings are called lateral horns
c
...
Central canal center of butterfly containing cerebrospinal fluid
8
...
Functions of Spinal Cord
1
...
Nerve Tracts Provide two way system of communication between brain and
body parts
Ascending Tracts
Conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory
info to brain
Descending Tracts
Conduct motor impulses from brain to muscles and
glands
The names that identify nerve tracts often reflect common origins and terminations
...
Serves as a center for spinal reflexes such as a knee jerk and a center for withdraw
reflexes
4
Brain Composed about about onehundred billion multipolar neurons and innumerable nerve
fibers
A
...
Cerebrum: The largest portion
...
Concerned with higher mental functions
...
Cerebellum: Coordination of voluntary muscular movements
3
...
Structure of the Cerebrum
1
...
Surface is marked by numerous ridges called volutions (Gyri) and
separated by grooves
a
...
Divides each hemisphere into lobes
...
Fissure: Deep groove
...
Separates right and left
cerebral hemi and transverse
...
3
...
Frontal Lobe Forms anterior portion and is separated from other
lobes by central and lateral sulcus
b
...
Temporal Lobe Lies below frontal lobe and separated from it by
lateral sulcus
d
...
Insula Located deep within the lateral sulcus and hidden by lobes
ac and separated from them by circular sulcus
4
4
...
Thin layer of gray matter that constitutes outermost portion of cerebrum
b
...
Contains 75% of the neuron cell bodies in nervous system
* Bulk of cerebrum is white matter*
C
...
Interprets sensory impulses
2
...
Stores information for memory and reasoning
4
...
Functional Regions of Cerebral Cortex
1
...
Right Cerebral Hemisphere Controls left skeletal movement and vise
versa
b
...
Frontal Eye Field Controls voluntary movements of eye and eyelids
2
...
Parietal Lobes Skin Sensations
b
...
Temporal Lobes Hearing
d
...
Centers Deep Within Cerebrum Smell
3
...
Frontal Lobes Concerned with higher intellectual processes such as
concentration, planning, complex problem solving and judging possible
consequences of behavior
b
...
Temporal Lobes Aid in understanding speech and in reading printed
words, also involved in memory of visual scenes, music and other
complex sensory patterns
d
...
Hemisphere Dominance
1
...
In most people, one side acts as a dominant hemisphere for certain functions, but
in some people the hemispheres are equally dominant
3
...
Right Motor tasks, interpreting musical patterns and nonverbal visual
experience, emotional and nondominant to send sensory information to dominant
F
...
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
2
...
Cerebrospinal Fluid A clear liquid secreted by choroid plexuses (tiny cauliflowerlike masses
of capillaries from Pia Mater)
4
Title: The Nervous System
Description: These notes are written for accelerated high school anatomy and physiology students. Because of the advanced status of the class, they may be quite useful for beginner college anatomy classes. They are very easy to read and understand. These notes go into detail about the organs encompassed by the nervous system, other parts, an in depth description of each, and a list of their functions.
Description: These notes are written for accelerated high school anatomy and physiology students. Because of the advanced status of the class, they may be quite useful for beginner college anatomy classes. They are very easy to read and understand. These notes go into detail about the organs encompassed by the nervous system, other parts, an in depth description of each, and a list of their functions.