Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Philosophy of Christian education

b
...
The effort of every true education should be to unlock that
treasure
...

People recognize that Christian schools have a distinctive, which not only separate them from
secular schools, but also distinguish them from each other, a higher standard for preparing our
youth for Life (Rocky Bayou, 2007)
...
The training he needs is theoretical /
conceptual
...
He has
to be taught the essentials of the knowledge discovered in the past-and he has to be
equipped to acquire further knowledge by this own effort
...
” Bill Beattie
―The one real object of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually
asking questions
...
” Carol Ann
Tomlinson

c
...


Education
e
...
Meaning of Education
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...
‖ / or
a process of bring forth (caring) young ones out
...

The word education comes from the French word, educere which means a process of
―brining out‖ or removing one from a state of ignorance to knowledge
6
...

7
...

8
...

9
...
Education is a ―deliberate attempt to acquire and to transmit the accumulated, worthwhile
skills, attitudes, knowledge, and understanding from one human generation to next‖,(
Mbiti, 1981:1)
11
...

- Both a process of individual growth and a means of social development,
therefore, education is the sum of the qualities acquired through
instruction and social training, as a continuous process
...
―The central task of education is to implant a will and facility for learning; it should
produce not learned but learning people
...
‖
Eric Hoffer

1 @manuelkip

f
...
Purposes and Functions of Education
I
...
A purpose is the fundamental goal of the process—an end to be achieved
...
A purpose is an expressed goal, and more effort is put into attaining it
...
The purpose of education is to develop the knowledge, skill or character of
students
...
Personal development
5
...
Vocational preparation
II
...
Functions are other outcomes that may occur as a natural result of the
Process - by products or consequences of schooling
...
Functions are assumed to occur without directed effort
...
The transfer of knowledge from school to the real world
4
...

In the highest sense, the work of education and the work of redemption are
one, for in education as in redemption, other foundation can no man lay than that is laid,
which is Jesus Christ (E
...
White, 1952: 30)
Some teachers believe that the transmission of knowledge is the primary purpose of education,
while others also believe that the transfer of knowledge from school to the real world is
something that happens naturally as a consequence of possessing that knowledge (a function of
education)
...

Questions
1
...


To what extent is the typical student recognized and given respect?

2

3
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Creating meaningful and lasting change in education is unlikely without revisiting the
basic definition of education
...


Which of the following (in the table) do you actually include in your planning?

Acquisition of information about the past
and present: includes traditional
disciplines such as literature, history,
science, mathematics
Capacity / ability to evaluate information
and to predict future outcomes (decisionmaking)
Development of mental and physical
skills: motor, thinking, communication,
social, aesthetic
Capacity/ability to recognize and evaluate
different points of view

Formation of healthy social and/or
formal relationships among and
between students, teachers, others

Capacity/ability to seek out alternative
solutions and evaluate them (problem
solving)
Knowledge of moral practices and
ethical standards acceptable by society /
culture
Respect: giving and receiving
recognition as human beings

Indoctrination into the culture

Capacity/ability to live a fulfilling life

Capacity / ability to earn a living: career
education

Sense of well-being: mental and physical
health

Capacity / ability to be a good citizen

Capacity/ability to think creatively

Cultural appreciation: art, music,
humanities

Understanding of human relations and
motivations

Acquisition/clarification of values related
to the physical environment

Acquisition/clarification of personal
values

Self-realization/self-reflection: awareness
of one’s abilities and goals

Self-esteem/self-efficacy

Teachers who hold a more humanistic view of the purpose of education often experience
stress because the meaning they assign to education differs greatly from the meaning assigned
by society or their institution
...
Concepts about Education
There are many ways through which people look at and value education
...

Investment – Education is believed to be a means by which people gain control
over their subjects, environment
...
,2009)
...

Power – Education is believed to be a means by which people gain knowledge and
understanding the situation and gain control over themselves, their subjects,
environment
...

Tool – Education is looked at as an object to use in gaining money, material
things, power and status
...

Status – Education is believed to be a means by which people can keep up their
status in the society as rich, middle class, ruler / boss, etc
...

5
...
Life is a process of learning and re-learning which does not
have limitations
...

Socialization – Education is viewed as a means to fit people into the economic
political, and social sphere of the society
...

7
...

8
...
People who hold this view base their argument
on the new Testament doctrine of spiritual gifts from the books of St
...
Teachers are also called to do the same
...

Responsibility – some view of education, as a responsibility to serve themselves,
family, parent, clan, community, nation and the world
...

The more you are educated, the more hours you should put in work, the more
committed you should be and the more patient you should be
...
Value inculcation—Education is seen as an institution of society that inculcates
values of honesty, hard working, punctuality, responsibility, imitativeness,
leadership, integrity, and others
...
Roots of Education
Education stems out of an attempt to provide the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to
meet five major needs, which are basic to any human society, which can be seen as roots from
which education grows
...

1
...
Such wealth is used to meet man’s basic needs
...

The type of skills required will depend mainly on the country’s economy, e
...
an
agriculture
...

2
...

Since man has found it necessary to live in social units, and each society found it
necessary to establish a political order which led to establishment of the state
...
The preservation
and the strengthening of political freedom of and stability depends on the provision of
relevant knowledge and understanding about the state to every citizen through the
various channels of education
...
Cultural Roots of Education
Culture means the total shared ways of life in society
...
All these constitute the social
values and needs of a given society
...
Education in its various forms bears the
responsibility of inculcating those acceptable values, beliefs and modes of behavior in
the mind of the young with the intention of molding them into personalities, which
reflects and fit that particular society
...
Philosophical Roots of Education
Philosophy has been defined as the love of Wisdom
...


Man has an incessant thrust for wonder about why, what and how of his entire
surroundings which has brought about numerous inventions and discoveries in every
human civilization and a systematized search of understanding in a social context in
what constitutes educational process
...

5
...
Since
education is a process centered purely on human development, its’ governed by
various factors of behavior
...

Educational psychology therefore is the systematic study of the development of the
individual within the educational setting the conditions that favor the student’s
development into responsible citizen, a sensitive human and a productive,
creative person
...
Human growth and development
b
...

c
...
Q tests
d
...
Character development
Christian
Many people assume that all you have to do to become a Christian is believe in God, go to
church, read the Bible, pray, keep the Ten Commandments and walk on water
...
A person who receives Christ
Jesus said: ―He who receives me receives the one who sent me
...
‖
Receiving Christ means:

Recognizing him
...
(John 1:10): ―He was in the world, and though the
world was made through him, the world did not recognize him (John 1:10)

Believing in His name,‖ that is, recognizing him for who he is: the eternal divine
―Word‖ (revelation) of God and the glorious one from God
...

―To all who received him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to
become children of God

Acknowledging him openly
...
33But whoever
disowns me before men, I will disown him before my Father in heaven
...
‖ Jesus said, ―I am the living bread that came down from heaven
...

II
...
To have faith in Christ means:
a
...
to believe He is the Son of God from heaven (John 20:31);
c
...
to believe He is the resurrection and the life (John 11:25);
e
...
A person re-born in Christ
A person who is not born again is not a Christian
...
But that is simply spiritual pride
...
"
a
...
Receiving the supernatural life of Father-God
Being born again involves a supernatural change in a person who Loves /
receives / trusts Christ
...
A
new Christian receives new life
...
Receiving the characteristics of Father-God
Being born again means receiving the supernatural ability to manifest the
character of Christ, also referred to as the fruit of the Spirit, namely: love, joy,
peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control
(Galatians 5: 19-22)
...
How do we ―remain in Christ‖? We can be remained by:
-Thinking of him often
-Thanking him often
-Praying to him often
-Reading his Word often
-Pleasing him always (including through repentance)
Therefore, Christian is the one who recognizes the spiritual truth about who Jesus
claims to be, acknowledges their separation from God, because of their sin and asks
Jesus for God’s forgiveness for all they have done wrong
...

2
...

4
...


The following are some questions regarding Christian Education:
Can my children get a quality education at a Christian school?
What is a Christian education?
What if we can't afford a Christian education?
What does God tell us to do with our children?
I went to public school and I turned out
...

7
...

9
...

11
...

13
...


Why should I send my child to a school that's nowhere near my house when the public
school is right across the street?
Many of my friends say they want their kids to be salt and light in the public
schools
...

What should I do?
My child's friends go to public school
...
Christian education forms the foundation upon which all academic pursuits are
built, and students are often better able to reach their full educational potential
...

God expects children to be taught the truth in every subject, that requires
educators to approach their craft- lives - from a Biblical worldview
...

Rigorous academics, no matter how thorough, will miss the mark if the reality of
God is denied
...

Some institutions prepare students for a job
...
Only a
Christian education has the potential to do both, because a Christian education is grounded in
the knowledge of our Creator, who grants wisdom and understanding to anyone who seeks
Him first
...
2006 /
Jan
...
It must not fail to recognize that it operates in a world whose philosophic
commitment and academic pursuits may be at variance with a Christian perspective
...
G
...

―The Meaning of Education (by E
...
White, 1952:13, 225), said that sources and aims of
education:
1
...
It means that More
than a preparation for the life that now is
...
It has to do with the whole being, the whole period of existence possible to man
...
It is the harmonious development of the physical, the mental and the spiritual powers
...
It prepares the students for the joy of service in this world and for the higher joy of wider
service in the world to come
...
True education does not ignore the value of scientific knowledge, but above Information, it
values power, above power, goodness, above intellectual acquirements, and character building
...
―
The Christian educator must come to see his educational system as a unified
endeavor upon a foundation of Christian philosophy
...
‖
-Doug WilsonIdeally, Christian education should be a healthy and have a triangular relationship
between three role-players (the parents, the church and the school)
...

The parents (Deut
...

The parents are the primary role-players in the child’s education, discipline
and rearing in the fear of the Lord
...

They support their child going to church, hearing the word of the Lord as well
as receiving an education
...

It is important that parents be the main governors of schools to keep
accountability to a maximum
b
...

The church teaches / preaches Biblical doctrine and truth
2
...

At its heart, Christianity is a teaching religion
 Jesus Christ is referred to as teacher‖ (John 3:2),
 The Holy Sprit’s ministry includes teaching (John 14:26) and
 The Great Commission includes ―teaching them to observe all things
(Math 28:19, 20)
...

Christianity and the Church have always supported education
...

The school
1
...

2
...

3
...
22:6)
Godly discipline allows for greater learning, hence greater academic
Achievements
...
God commands that
children be brought up in the discipline and instruction of God that they may order

their lives under the authority of Jesus Christ
...
In turn to disciple, all the nations…, teaching them to
obey all that he commanded them
...
They must be trained in the
Biblical worldview, which honors God, the sovereign Creator of the universe
...

It recognizes God’s purpose for man and the universe, the absolute nature of
God’s physical and moral laws, and God’s authority as the only legitimate basis for
man’s authority
...
Man is trained to trust in man for the perfecting of human life, and to
emphasize self-preservation, creative self-realization, and happiness as his chief
goals
...
Christian Education is Biblical truth applied to every area of life
2
...
Parents and teachers must ( by word and deed) demonstrate the Christ like life to
children
4
...

5
...
The emphasis of Christian education is God’s truth; humanistic materials are
only used to teach truth by contrast
...
The lifestyle taught is that of pleasing Christ from the heart, not simple
conformance with man-made laws
...
Students must learn the Biblical relationship between morality and spirituality
...

The personal perspective, a Christian must continue to grow in the grace and
knowledge of Jesus Christ as an aspect of the normal Christian life
...

There is no excuse for training young children to live by humanistic principles
...

Therefore, the child’s academic and spiritual growth must be enhanced
...


6

Where should Christian Education take place?
1
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2
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3
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Philosophy of Christian Education (Worldview)
Philosophy
According to Patrick (1978:13), philosophy comes to us from a Greek terminology ―
Philosophia‖, which means
1
...

Sophia----wisdom / knowledge
Therefore, the word philosophia (English word philosophy) means love of
wisdom and an inquiry in to the nature of life, reality, knowledge, truth and value
...
Activity—synthesizing, speculating, prescribing, and analyzing
2
...

Body of content / the content of philosophy / the content of philosophical
knowledge
a
...
Epistemology—the study of the nature of truth and knowledge
c
...
it is an attempt to help students develop insights into the comprehensiveness,
penetration, and flexibility, displayed by the philosophical minded personas he attacks
problems of education in contrast to the behaviors of the person who attempts to solve
the same problem on the level of tradition, a narrow common sense
...
It helps students to make and to see reality from cases, reading materials and life
experience
...

Philosophy for education
a
...
The philosophy of
education is for the people, culture and locality asdemarcated by educational planners
...
Philosophy for education often has a mission, theory, policy, and practice outlined in
the proposal of program of the school program in mind
...
it is the study of such questions as what education is and what its purpose is, the nature
of the knowing mind and the human subject, problemsof authority, the relationship
between education and society
...
It is the philosophical study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education
c
...

d
...

e
...

Philosophy and Education – Is there any relationship between them?
1
...
It is directly and indirectly addressing the
philosophical aspects of metaphysics (reality), epistemology (knowledge) and axiology
(values)
...
Specific philosophies breed specific type of educational thought
...

3
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4
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5
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Philosophy of Christian Education
1
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Biblical Principles
3
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The Goal of Christian Education following;
1
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The class program is committed to an educational philosophy
which is not after the traditions of men, or the principles of this
world, but after Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of
wisdom and knowledge (Colossians 2:8)
...
Christian education means that Christ is central to education
...
our educational theory, methods, and practice must be built upon Christ as their
Cornerstone
d
...

e
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This truth is

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the center and criterion of Christian education
...
The Bible is not used as the textbook in every subject, it is the foundational
handbook for every course and the standard for teaching
...

2
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In order for education to be consistently Christian, the teacher must self-consciously
teach all subjects in the framework of biblical authority
...
To be successful in teaching learning process, we must have a methodology that
guarantees its biblical character
...
The proper method is to use the Bible in each and every course both directly and
indirectly
...

- It is applied indirectly as we work out the implications of Biblical truth as the
proper framework for understanding each subject
...
One important goal of
Christian education is to teach the student to reason Biblically
...

Committed to the Bible as the standard for education, class desires to interpret it in line
with the historic Christian faith and biblical principles
...

The Sovereign Triune God
The most fundamental teaching of the Bible is the sovereignty of the Triune God
...
It alone separates Christian education
from all forms of humanism and naturalism
...
Because the Creator is the sovereign God, He is Lord of Heaven and
Earth, and He speaks with absolute authority about all things
...
He
speaks as the Triune God
...
As the Trinity, He is the source of both
unity and diversity in the world and in human life, for He exists as one God in three Persons
(God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy-Ghost)
...

Creation in Six Days
When God created all things in the universe out of nothing in six days, He created
everything with meaning and purpose
...

The way to properly understand any subject is to study it in relation to its Creator
...
Consequently, God’s
understanding, not man’s, is first
...
There are no uninterrupted facts which man can ever discover
...
Without the framework of a biblical
worldview all education in science is futile
...

Man, the Image of God
Because God created man in His own image, the ultimate purpose, meaning and
standard for human life and society come from God
...

Man is a unique creature of God formed distinct from the animals
...
Created to serve and glorify God in the earth
...
God taught them the truth about their role in the universe and
their relationships with other people
...
Culture, society and education are thus bound to religion
...

d
...
Because of the fall, man’s entire nature as well as all of human society has
been corrupted by sin
...
His whole nature has been corrupted by the evil
influence of sin
...

The human teacher is also corrupted by sin and does not always properly present
God’s truth
...
Because sin has corrupted the whole of human thought and education
throughout history
...
Apart from
abiding in Christ and His truth, he is liable to be made captive to ideas promoted by various
forms of the non-Christian worldview
...

Christ the Redeemer
As a result of Adam’s sin, God and man have become alienated
...
After setting forth the requirements of
redemption in the Old Testament, He fulfilled them in the New Testament in His Son, Jesus
Christ
...
As the perfect Son of God, He became man, and was crucified as the only redeemer of
mankind
...
This restoration involves education
...

Christ teaches His people as the Bible is read, taught and applied
...
Jesus
Christ is the only way, truth, and life in education
...

The Holy Spirit and Salvation
Jesus Christ sent the Holy Spirit to teach the truth
...
For the teacher, to impart wisdom is a gift of God
...

In the new birth, the Spirit opens the mind and frees the will to embrace Christ by
faith
...

Faith is the proper response to biblical truth, the only means by which the heart
submits to it
...

Without faith, Christian education is ineffectual
...
The Holy Spirit uses
believers as a means of leading students to Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of
wisdom and knowledge
...
God can use the parent to disciple his children
according to Christ
...
The gospel
will be proclaimed as the answer to the student’s deepest need for purpose, meaning and goals
in learning
...

Teaching Method
A Christian education is part of Christ’s Great Commission to disciple the nations
...
Teaching methods of
Christian education should focus on making disciples of Christ
...
Education
includes both, training and instructing
...

For a Biblical curriculum to be profitable, it is necessary for the teacher to practice a
Biblical method of teaching
...

The teacher should pray and work to the end that the student’s reasoning will
submit to God’s authority
...
False ways of thinking need to be rebuked
and the mind brought to humility before God
...

Not only should the student be taught to reason in a consistent in Biblical organized
manner, but to exercise proper Biblical discipline to reach the goal
...

Parents should train their children morning, noon, and night to help students stay on
the right path and learn godly habits
...
In this way, the student learns that God’s Word is to be believed and
obeyed consistently, everywhere, and at all times
...
In short, he will grow to be a hypocrite (Proverbs 22:6)
...

The Goal of Christian Education
a
...

In a word, the ultimate goal of Christian education is to glorify God and enjoy Him
forever
...
This takes place
when the student learns to fear God and trust Christ so that he will think and act Biblically
...
As the student grows in the knowledge of creation, and discovers the wonders that God
has made, he should be taught to enjoy and praise the One who made it
...
Therefore, true Christian
education must be God-centered
...
To fear God and trust in Christ
The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the holy is
understanding (Proverbs 1: 7, 9: 10)
...
To reason according to a Biblical Worldview
In every area of study, class wants to help parents train their children to understand
God’s perspective and think His thoughts after Him
...

Students must learn to reason in terms of Biblical truth, and develop a truly
consistent Biblical worldview
...

Christian education fails if it does not instill the pattern of thinking after God’s
words and logic
...
Without realizing it, he will be acting as his own god, determining for himself
good and evil (Genesis 3:5)
...

To love and serve God and our neighbor
True knowledge must be used practically to advance the Kingdom of God for His
glory
...

Students should learn to obey and serve God more fully so that they may minister to
others more effectively
...

To love and serve God is an empty lie if there is no heart to serve others
...

Christian education does not only develop one’s potential, but assists the student to find

9

his place, meaning, purpose and responsibilities in the plan of God
...

As the student better understands God’s Word and how to apply it to God’s world
he will be able to take dominion in his calling under Jesus Christ
...
Keller argues that, even when the
teacher is concerned with the learner’s physical health and emotional well-being, ―he must
base judgment on reliable knowledge
...
The senses: People obtain knowledge of the world around them by the senses of
seeing, hearing, smelling and tasting
...
It is composed of ideas formed in unison with the observed data
...
Revelation: People claim to have obtained knowledge communicated to them by a
supernatural being, such as God, angels, spirits and the like
...
People who never saw the being
itself have to believe the message by faith without proof or empirical data
...
Authority: Knowledge is held to be true because it comes from experts
...

4
...
It is also known as
rationalism, logic or reasoning
...
Intuition: This is the innate knowledge
...
It is a leap over the limitations of human
experience
...

Types of World Ideological Philosophies
Besides any Church, there are other people, nations and organizations who have developed
various philosophical ideologies
...
Idealism – the thought that idea or mind is real while matter is a by-product of mind
(ideas)
...
Realism – matter is independent of mind
...

3
...
Emphasis is on empirical science and
reaching out beyond reality
...
Existentialism – what is the meaning of existence? ―I am because I live‖
...

5
...
There is not reality

of immaterial spirit or mind
...
Progressivism – reality is composed of the perceived needs and immediate interest of
the society
...
Perennialism – truth is that which is enduring, everlasting and has continuum – the
conservative ideas
...
Social Reconstructionism – reality is inherent in the social, political and economic
climate of the society
...
Essentialism – certain things are more essential (important) and more crucial than
others
...
Marxism – economic relations are basic and primary and as such determine all other
relations of production to their forces of production
...

The influence of Greek Philosophers in the Christian World View
Socrates and Plato were Greek Philosophers whose world view greatly influenced Christian
philosophical thinking
...

Most of the Western Christian priests, including St
...
The Bible does not teach that after a person
dies, his soul lives forever
...
The Bible
talks to a living Soul and a dead soul (a living man and a dead man)
...
After the death of
Socrates, Plato explained that Socrates never died, but that his soul was liberated from the body
which imprisoned it, and will live forever as a free moral agent to continue teaching the ideas
of which imprisoned it and will live forever as a free moral agent to continue teaching the ideas
of justice, truth and beauty which he had advocated while alive
...
Plato did this to defend his teacher and he was showing that even though the
Athenians executed Socrates, he would definitely live forever because as a teacher his ideas
would be referred to as long as human beings live on this earth
...
They lived about 500 years before Jesus, the
founder of the Christian faith was born on this planet of earth
...
They were non-Jews and uncircumcised
...
This was during the inter-testament period of the Bible just
before the Romans took over the Jewish land
...
By the time Jesus was born in about 5 / 4 BC the Jews
were ruled by the Romans who had overthrown the Greek dominion
...
Greek was the language of intellectuals and

10

academicians and Aramaic which was a mixture of Hebrew of Babylonian, Acadian language
was used in the Temple by the Jews
...

After Christ had gone to heaven, His disciples and the apostles wrote the story and teachings
of Jesus in Greek language
...
These writings
were written between 10 to 25 years after Jesus had gone to heaven
...

Luke, one of the writers of the New Testament gospels was a Greek who wrote to a Greek
Philosopher and Governor, His Excellency Theophilus
...
Paul, was one of the intellectual among the Jesus Greek Philosophy
...
All other New Testament writers wrote in Greek language
...

The books of the Old Testament of the Holy Bible were written in Hebrew, except the
Second half of the book of Daniel, the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah which
were originally written in Aramaic
...

Greek Philosophers
About six hundred years before Jesus Christ was born, about two hundred before Socrates,
there were already some philosophers in the Greek nation
...
They were known as cosmologists
...

1
...
It is water which is on
earth
...

2
...

3
...

4
...
He said that the
most common staff of all things is the indeterminate, that is, the initial fusion of all the
contraries from which all the rest had been evolved and that was heat and coldness
...
The
Milesian philosophical school of cosmologists
...
These influenced the
thinking about the reality, knowledge, values, school goals, curriculum, teaching methodology,
and the view of the teacher, the student and the society just as it is discussed here below in the
lives of Socrates and Plato as examples of the sophists
...
C
...
He was executed in 399 B
...
being
charged of (1) corrupting the youth (2) blaspheming the gods of Athens
...
Philosophy – To know is to do
...

2
...
Man does not know what good really is
...
Reality – No absolute goodness
...

4
...
To know is to do
...

a
...

b
...
Socrates called this ―negative
knowledge‖
...
Virtue – is knowledge but can not be taught because no one know virtue
...

5
...

6
...
No person can teach another because no one has certain
knowledge since no one knows and does what is virtuous
...
Learner – every one is a learner since everyone needs to improve himself
Note: No one can teach another, because no one knows virtue:
I
...

II
...

8
...
To help people discover the knowledge of :
1
...
The True, and
3
...

b
...

c
...
Improving the youth
2
...
Helping people to improve themselves
...
To remind people that they do not know
e
...
To identify evil and prevent injustice
...
Methods of Teaching
According to Socrates the following were the methods of improving (teaching) oneself:

11

a
...

b
...
Conjectural thinking
...
Discovery of errors and mistakes
...
Identification of evil
...
Interaction of teacher and student
...
Curriculum
According to Socrates, there is no one who knows
...
He suggested that curriculum has to create awareness of one’s:
a
...
Mistakes,
c
...
Fallibility
...

PLATO - (427 or 429 B
...
– 347 B
...
)
Plato was contemporary of Socrates
...
After the execution of
Socrates, Plato wrote a literary work entitled the Republic in defense of his teacher
...
Plato’s
Philosophical Thought:
1
...
Idealism state that beyond the material
world, there is a world of ideas, an objective real world
...

2
...
Nothing exists and nothing is, except ideas
...
Knowledge – the true knowledge is the knowledge of ideas
...

4
...
The true ideas
...
Teacher – Plato emphasized that:
a
...
He should rule for the public good, a matter
of duty
...
The teacher is an authority because he knows virtue
...
The teacher knows the truth and his role
...
true and what is false
...
just and what is unjust
iii
...
The teacher is a public man, an official of the state; he must therefore pay heed to
the good of the state
...

e
...
He is justified by his intellectual authority
because he possesses true knowledge
...
A teacher is a child and a slave of the society
...

6
...
A child who needs to know
...
As a citizen the learner/student matures and performs the work
of a ruler, warrior, and artisan
...
Aims of Education - According to Plato the aims of education are:
a
...

b
...
Education therefore, prepares the citizens
as rulers, warriors, artisans, and slaves
...
To conserve social justice when a Philosopher-king comes to rule
...
To give the right idea of what is just, true, and beautiful
...
To improve and make men better
...
To create and sustain a closed society, a society of infallible political authority
...
To serve the society – a teacher as a child and slave – has to serve the society
...
Education gives the wise people authority, because education is authority
...

i
...
When a philosopher (king) rules, he conserves social
justice
...
Teaching Methodology - Plato identified the following to be the teaching
methodologies:
a
...
Through recollection, people acquire knowledge
norms and ideas
...
Compulsory examinations – for one to learn he has to under go a set of rigorous
examinations to induce him to intellectual thinking
...
Intuition or intuitive or innate knowledge – knowledge is in-born
...

d
...

e
...

f
...
Critical examination and questioning
9
...
Ideas – virtue, the good, the just and the beautiful
b
...
Mathematics – arithmetic, geometry, harmonic and astronomy
...
Compulsory military services
e
...
Music and gymnastics
g
...
C
...
C
...
Aristotle’s Philosophy is realism
...
Aristotle defined education as the mastery of ―Useful Sciences and Practical Arts‖
...
Aims of Education - Aristotle said that the primary aims of education are:
a
...

b
...

c
...

d
...

e
...

f
...
The better the character, the better the government
...
To promote common interests
...
It should be the same
for all
...
Curriculum - Aristotle emphasized education to be concerned with the learning of:
a
...

Practical arts
c
...

The 3Rs – Reading, writing and drawing
5
...

Practical – combination of science and Philosophy
b
...

6
...

The teacher is a master of knowledge
b
...

7
...
He should not be taught everything but only
the useful things which are necessary
...
Teach what is useful in life
b
...
Teach the highest knowledge
d
...

e
...
―…he that is to be a good man
must have been educated well
...
Augustine and Ignatius Loyola are worth mentioning for the contributions they made on the
Christian thought of Education and their impact on modern Education
...
AUGUSTINE and his Philosophical Thought
1
...

2
...

Knowledge is experienced by the student with the help of divine illumination
...
State – There are two cities in the world:
a
...
The City of man – the World (politics, wealth, pleasure, etc
...
Aims of Education
a
...

b
...

c
...
Through faith, receiving the word concerning
God
...
Curriculum - According to St
...

Christian Philosophy – Choose what is good in the program
b
...

c
...

d
...
Technical treatises
...
Language – Latin for understanding
iii
...

iv
...

e
...
Traditions of the church
...
Lives of the Saints
...
Latin and Linguistics
...

Teaching Methodology
St
...

Teaching through signs, written or spoken (Perkinson, 1980:47)
b
...

c
...

d
...

e
...

f
...

g
...

7
...

God is the only teacher because He is the One who made the World
...

b
...

c
...

d
...
Therefore the teacher knows the signs and labels of
knowledge
...

The student does not know, he only believes
...
―…reality is what it
is because God created it and ordained it to be such… God is the only

13

teacher
...

f
...
His life
The founder of the Jesuit Order of the Roman Catholic commonly known as the Society of
Jesus
...
After the break of Protestantism, the
Catholic Church suffered from many evils and malpractice
...
He was soldier by profession before he became a priest
...
After that he decided to devote his life to
religion
...

He studied Liberal Arts and Theology
...
In
1534, Loyola got the assistance of six friends and organized a society of Jesus which was fully
organized in 1540
...
Its final
document was made in 1556
...

The plan of this philosophy was finalized between 1586 and 1599
...
It was outlined in the article called ―The Order of Studies
...
Philosophy – To stabilize the Catholic religion, you need to prepare people ready to
defend the church and the Pontiff
...
Education – Education is the promotion of the development of character according to
Catholic ideals and to generate a feeling for propagation of the Catholic Religion
...
Aims of Education
a
...

b
...

c
...

d
...

5
...

a
...
In the Jesuit Educational System, Primary Education was to be imported at
home
...
The dearth of teachers was the principal reason for having primary education at
home
...
After having taught simple reading and writing at home, a child was admitted
to school further studies
...
Lower College
i
...


ii
...

iii
...

He was also to study famous writings of Greek literary men and historians
...
The fifth class had studies for two year’s duration and there was special
provision for studies of prosody and poetical works
...
Upper College
i
...

ii
...

iii
...
A
...

iv
...
A
...

v
...
In it the person took Hebrew
in addition to Latin and was required to make a critical study of old books on
religion and history of Christianity
...
A student carried on a higher research work on some religious topics for
obtaining the degree of Doctor of Divinity (D
...

6
...
Rote Memorization and recapitulation were the Principal methods
...
Recapitulation – The mother of Education – Every day before starting a new lesson
the portion already taught on the same day was recapitulated before the class was
dispersed for the day
...
Groupings – In order to make the rote memorization and recapitulation, the class
was split in two groups
...
A
student of a particular serial number was to recapitulate
...

d
...

e
...
In
order to teach in a lower college, it was necessary to study philosophy in an upper
college
...

After giving the meaning of the lesson, the teacher would interpret them
...
After this,
the teacher used to offer his own criticism
...

Impact of the Jesuit Education on the Society
a
...

b
...

c
...

d
...


14

e
...

f
...
Everyone was given equal opportunity in the field of education
...
(Dr
...
D
...
71 – 76)
...
Health and diet
3
...
Dress and entertainment
5
...
Organization
1
...
Church officers and clergy
3
...
Church institutions
E
...
Education
2
...
Humanitarian aid and the environment
activity
4
...
Adventist objectives
G
...
Doctrines
2
...
White and her status
3
...
Independent ministries
1
...

There may be an Adventist hospital or school in your town, or a Seventh-day Adventist family
live on your street
...
And perhaps you have wondered,
a
...
where did they come from?
c
...
What are there accomplishments in the world today?
e
...

Who are Seventh-day Adventists ?
Seventh-day Adventists are a group of conservative, evangelical Christians
numbering more than five million around the world (at this time it is more that
number)
...

What do Seventh-day Adventists think about Jesus?
The inmost heart and central core of belief for Seventh-day Adventist in Jesus
Christ
...
He is the basis of their religion
...

3
...
By studying His Bible, William Miller, a Baptist layman living in upstate
New York, became convinced that Jesus would return to this earth around 1843 or
1844
...
Hundred of ministers from all
different churches joined Miller in preaching the coming or Advent, of Jesus
...
History
1
...
Organization and recognition
B
...
Theological
2
...
Culture and practices
1
...
Media
6
...
Ecumenical

4
...
In fact, all those who belonged to the movement
headed by William Miller were called Adventists
...
They
began keeping the Seventh-day Sabbath, and so they took the name ―Seventh-day
Adventists‖ to distinguish themselves from other Adventist groups
...

It promotes the foundational role of the Bible in the integration of faith and learning through
conferences and seminars as well as through research and publication projects
...

A
...

Education is to begin in the home where the basic values of redemptive discipline
and mental and physical health are to be balanced with the importance of work
...

Mental, physical, social and spiritual health, intellectual growth and service to
humanity form a core of values that are essential aspects of the Adventist education
philosophy
...

a
...
Deuteronomy 6: 6-7 – Teaching is a divine instruction
2
...

3
...
apostle;
- Pastor
b
...
Evangelist
- prophet
d
...
Teacher
- Parent
b
...
Equipping the saints for the work of the ministry
2
...
Unity of the faith
4
...
To perfect man
A teacher is one of the parts of the body of Christ given by the same spirit like
being an apostle, prophet, miracle performers, healing of disease, helping others,
administration and speaking various tongues or languages to communicate the Word of
God (1 Cor
...


B
...
Philosophy – The knowledge of God, and Jesus Christ, Who sent ( Rev
...
Education
a
...
, 13)
...
In the highest sense, the work of education and the work of redemption are one
(Ed
...

c
...
, 15, 16,
13)
...
Adventist Philosophical Thought in terms of philosophical content:
a
...
Epistemology—the study of the nature of truth and knowledge
c
...
Metaphysics
a) God is the Ultimate Reality
...
22:13 )
b) God is the Creator of all (Nehemiah 9:6 )
c)
God is the reality beyond what we see, hear, taught, feel, smell and taste (Ed
...

2
...
True knowledge of God – Ed, 14; Hosea 4:6
b
...
1:7, 9: 10, Revel
14:6,7)
c
...
God is the source of true knowledge ( Ed
...
Nature reveals God ( Ed
...
185 )
f
...
, 123; CT
...
Holy Spirit (John 16: 13-15, 7-12
...
120 )
h
...
2: 14-16, Rom
...
Axiology -The value of Adventist Education centers around the fact that trains for:
a
...
, 13 )
b
...
30
...

Restoration of the lost image of God in man – True education restored the lost
image of God in man ( Ed
...

Godliness and Godlikeness -Higher than the highest human thought can reach is
God’s ideal for His children ( – Ed
...

e
...
, 18,19)
f
...
, 16)
g
...
, 18)
...

To meet the greatest want of the world ( Ed
...
G
...
The Aim of the philosophy of Seventh-day Adventist Education
...

The unique philosophy of Adventist Christian education is based on the Scriptures
and the Writings of Ellen G
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...
Objectives of the Philosophy of Seventh-day Adventist Education
E
...
White emphasized objectives of the philosophy of Seventh-Day Adventist
education (Education , 1903, 1943, 1952, 1975 ) as follows:
1
...

To promote the development of the body, mind and soul, that the Divine purpose in
his creation might be realized-- this was to be the work of redemption, and this is
the objective of education
3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...

7
...

8
...

9
...

10
...

11
...

12
...

13
...

14
...

15
...

16
...

17
...

18
...


To encourage students to recognize God’s ownership of human resources
...

To challenge students to develop a personal mission for taking the Gospel message
to the entire world in preparation for the soon return of Jesus
...

To provide students the opportunity to develop an appreciation for the values and
dignity of labor
...
The Teacher and Philosophy of Adventist education
1
...
, 30)
2
...
, 33, 287 (Ed
...
Missionary (Ed
...
, 47, 48)
4
...
, 29, 30)
5
...
He/she assists his
students to change, while he / she is willing to change
...
A teacher is a learner – a teacher cannot know everything
...

7
...
A teacher also makes himself available
to his students as they search for specific areas of knowledge
...
A teacher is a person with feelings, desires and needs like any person in his
class (Theories of maslow needs)
- A student should think of him as a person rather than a dispenser of (like
machine) knowledge
...
A teacher is a listener – tries to understand his students so he listens to what
they have to say
...
A teacher is one who loves – A teacher uses 1 Cor
...

* Love is patient, kind, trust but not jealous, modest but not conceited / proud,
polite but not ill, generous but not selfish, calm but not irritable, positive but does not
keep record of wrong, good and not happy with evil, truth, hope, eternal, persistence and
never gives up, faith and never fail
...
A teacher is a friend – a teacher is willing to guide and take initiative
relationships with members of his class
...
A teacher is an enables – the enables others to function effectively
13
...

14
...

15
...
A teacher is a responder – He responds appropriately to each in a manner that
will produce understanding and will translate it into an inefficient
17
...
A teacher is a delegator – He delegates responsibilities to others rather than
doing all the work by himself
19
...
He is aware of other persons needs, ability, and limitations
...

20
...


17

20
...
A teacher is a prayer – He realizes his need of divine power and wisdom
22
...
He is willing to see things in new
perspective and try new ways of thinking, feeling and acting
...
A teacher is a risk taker – he is willing to risk, realizing that he may fail, but
always hoping and working hard that he will gain new insights regardless of
the outcome
...
A teacher is an evaluator – He is continually evaluating himself and others
...

QUESTION
Is there any professional without an involvement of a teacher / education?
Zulueta, and
...

To the young, the teacher acts as a guide, an inspiration, an example, a parent
and a friend
...
His influence over the
students and the youth is rewarding, significant and lasting
...
The Learner (Student) and Philosophy of Adventist education
1
...
Every human being is a son of God (Ed
...
Has an intellect ( CT
...
Has an inclination to sin ( Ed
...
Is a temple of God ( Ed
...
Children should be looked at in the light of what they will become rather than
what they are ( Ed
...
, 289; ED
...

7
...
Students can learn any subject matter when they are taught with methods and
approaches responsive to their learning styles (Corpuz, et al, 2002)
...
The school
1
...
, 33,293; CT
...
A barrier against the widespread corruption – Ed
...
Training institution – physical and industrial training centre – ED
...
A branch of the school in heaven, Ed
...
Discipline
I
...
To train a child for self-government, self-reliance and self-control ( Ed
...
To help the child to know that parents represent God ( Ed
...
To develop the child without hindering ( Ed
...
Children are not to be
trained like beasts)
4
...
, 288, 289)

5
...
, 265)
6
...
,
289,290 CT
...
Requesting rather than commanding – Ed
...
Make rules with children
...
Once made, enforce them ED
...
Do not compromise with evil – Ed
...
Guard against faultfinding – Ed
...
Control yourself in order to control others – Ed
...
Do not make public the fault of errors of pupils – Ed
...
, 267;
13
...
, 292
Teachers should not only take care of routine factors; he has also to maintain good
discipline in his class to achieve good classroom management
...

I1
...

it helps the child develop good moral character
2
...

it provides opportunities for training the intellect, the emotions and the will
...

it keeps the student develop desirable habits leading to self-discipline
...
Types of Disciplinary Problems
The following is a list of the most common problems to be met by the teacher
(particularly the new teacher) in attention: whispering, laughing, giggling, clowning,
joking, playing, talking discourteously
...

Good classroom management can eliminate many of the common offence or in
the classroom i
...
Interesting lessons can solve these problems
...
Causes of Disciplinary Problems
a
...
teacher should be well behaved, neat, clean, healthy, and not be absent
...
teacher should know the subject matter and talk facts to stimulate attention
...
teacher should have knowledge of the basic characteristics of students at
different level
...
The student
The teacher should have knowledge of the basic characteristics of children at
different level
...

Resistance to authority or control of any kind can cause many misdemeanors
such as truancy defiance, discourtesy or disrespect for elders
...
e
...

c
...
Unclean surrounding
may evoke ugly thoughts, while a clean one stimulates beautiful thoughts, and

18

ideas
...

The administration should be effective especially in fostering administrative
policies, regulations and practices
...

The Methods of Teaching
a
...
233, 234)
b
...
17)
c
...
102,103, CT
...

Use object lesson (Ed
...

Application or Practical method (Ed
...

Simplicity and effectiveness (Ed
...

Enthusiasm (Ed
...

Mastery (Ed
...

Speak directly (Ed
...

Watch the face of the learner (Ed
...

Individual development (Ed
...

Exerciser and skills (CT
...
Patience and kindness (CT
...
Man was created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26,27, 31, Ed
...
Man was formed out of dust: Dust + breath of life = living soul or man (Gen
...

3
...
6:9, John 1:12, 1John 3:1-7)
4
...
Man is a temple of the spirit of God (1Cor
...

The nature of man ( Ed
...
At creation
1
...

2
...
He saw God face to face
4
...
At fall (Ed
...
The divine likeness was marred
2
...
Mental capacity was lessened
4
...
he became subject to death
6
...
15,16)
1
...
God gave a of probation
3
...
14:6,7)
4
...
to promote the development of body, mind, and soul
...
215,47, 214, 222)
Sports / Games / Amusement (Ed
...
246-249)

Difference between Education and Learning
Education can be said to be a process through which a society passes on the knowledge, values
and skills from one generation to another
...

Both learning and education has a great influence on the mind and character of an individual
...

Education is the process of imparting knowledge, values, skills and attitudes, which can be
beneficial to an individual
...

Learning is said to be an ongoing process
...
Education is something that one gets at some point in their life
...

Education is something that an individual gets from an outside source
...
Education is something that one gets from a
school or university; education is related to classroom learning, and some other set standards
...
A
tutor imparts education, whereas an individual learns from his surroundings
...
Education can be said to be well organized, whereas learning is something that is
related to an individual’s perception
...

Summary
1
...
On the contrary, learning is the process of adopting
knowledge, values and skills
...
Learning is the basic instinct possessed by all individuals
...


19

3
...
Education is something that one gets at
some point in their life
...
Learning is an informal process, and education is a formal process
5
...

6
...
On the other
hand, learning is something that evolves in the inner self

---