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Fundamentals of Science – Volumetric Analysis

Younis Omar

Unit 1

Preparation of a standard solution of sodium carbonate

Introduction: A standard solution is one whose concentration is know exactly
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Standard
solution of solids can be prepared by weighing a mass of solid, and dissolving it in a
known volume of solution in a volumetric flask
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A primary standard such as
anhydrous sodium carbonate is available in a pure state, is stable and is
watersoluble
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Method: Using a balance, approximately between 1
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4g of sodium
carbonate was measured into a small beaker
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The contents of the small beaker was then
transferred to a large beaker
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Approximately 150cm3 of De-ionised water was then added cautiously
down the side of the beaker, and was swirled with the glass rod to mix the contents
and to dissolve the sodium carbonate completely
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The beaker was then washed along with
the rod and funnel several times using de-ionised water from the wash bottle, letting
the washings go into the flask
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A stopper was used to close the flask and it was then inverted
several times to thoroughly mix the contents
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063g

Mass of beaker

76
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221g

Analysis:
Moles = Mass/Mr
Moles=1
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0115mol

Concentration=Moles/Volume
Volume= dm3 = 250cm3 /1000=0
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0115/0
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046 mol/dm3

One of the limitations was that not all of the sodium carbonate was transferred from
the small beaker in to the large beaker
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Also another limitation could be that the balance could
mislead and alter the measurements because the surface might not be clean and not
have any sodium carbonate remaining in it
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Conclusion:
The calculated concentration of sodium carbonate was found to be 0
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The analysis also shows what calculations were used to get the concentration of an
unknown solution and in this case it was sodium carbonate solution
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Once that is obtained, the
number of moles can be calculated by using the equation: n=m/Mr which requires
the molar mass to be calculated by using the periodic table and adding the atomic
masses together of Na2CO3 which equates to 106g/mol
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221g and the molar mass is 106g/mol
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046 mol
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The formula used to calculate the concentration is n=cv,
which has to be re-arranged to find the concentration
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046
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The volume would have to be
adjusted so it can be used in the formula
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To get this, it must
be divided by 1000
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This will equal to 0
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So the
concentration would be 0
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25 which is equal to 0
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A laboratory is
a facility where research and experiments are performed at under certain conditions
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Those differences range
from pricing to human errors
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A chemical plant makes their own
chemicals
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There are normally no
human errors as machines create the chemicals
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This is because human errors are possible as
machines don’t make the chemicals, people do
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A chemical plant uses
two types of processes
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A continuous process is a process that goes on all the time
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A batch process is a process when a small amount of a chemical is
only needed
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An
example of a batch process is a pharmaceutical drug
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A third difference is the amount of staff
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The staff are normally there to check on the
machines and also do the jobs machines cannot do
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This results to the staff
knowing what to do and how to do it
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The chemical plant has many
equipment which are machine to do many jobs
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A laboratory has many equipment for many experiments
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Fundamentals of Science – Volumetric Analysis
Unit 1

Reference:
Definition of a laboratory, http://encyclopedia
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com/Laboratory,
Last accessed 15/10/2015
Definition of a chemical plant, http://www
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com/chemical+plant, Last
accessed 15/10/2015

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