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System of Measurements
A
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APOTHECARIES’ AND AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEM
C
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Arvesu, RPh

A
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Arvesu, RPh

2

A
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Arvesu, RPh

3

A
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Arabic numerals are used to express the quantities of
the system
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Parts of a unit or a fraction of a unit are expressed as
decimals
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The quantity whether in whole numbers or decimals
is always written before the abbreviation or symbol for
a unit of measure
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Arvesu, RPh

4

A
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Zeros should always be placed in front of the decimal
when the quantity is not a whole number
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Fractions are NOT used
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It must be expressed as decimal
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75 gram
is the correct way to express this quantity
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Arvesu, RPh

5

A
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Measure of WEIGHT
- The unit of weight in the metric system is the gram

Exercise: Fill in the blank with the correct answer
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Arvesu, RPh

6

A
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1 gram = __________ Kg
= __________ Hectogram
= __________ dekagram
= __________ decigrams
= __________centigrams
= __________ mg
100 mcg = _________ mg
1000 g = _________ kg

Vermont E
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Metric System
2
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1 kL = _______ liters
1 hL = _______ liters
1 daL = ________ liters
1 dL = ________ liter
1 cL = _________ liter
1 mL = _________ liter
1 µL = _________ liter
Vermont E
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Metric System
Exercise: Fill in the blank with the correct answer
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Arvesu, RPh

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A
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Measure of Length
- The meter is the fundamental unit of this system

Exercise: Fill in the blank with the correct answer
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Arvesu, RPh

10

A
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1 meter = __________ km
= __________ hm
= __________ dam
= __________ dm
= __________cm
= __________ mm

Vermont E
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Apothecaries’ and Avoirdupois System
- One of the oldest systems of measurement
- There are still some medications which have been
used for many years which are customarily written
using this system
examples are:
Morphine sulfate
Atropine sulfate
Codeine
Sodium Phenobarbital
Aspirin

Vermont E
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Apothecaries’ and Avoirdupois System
Rules of the Apothecaries’ System
1
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When the name is
spelled-out, Hindu-arabic numerals are used to express
the number value
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Arvesu, RPh

13

B
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When the symbol (abbreviation) for the unit is used,
Roman numerals (lowercase letters) are used to
express the number value
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dr iii

Vermont E
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Apothecaries’ and Avoirdupois System
3
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This means that the decimals are expressed
in fraction form as opposed to the use of decimals in
the metric system
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3 ½ gr = gr iiiss

Vermont E
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Apothecaries’ and Avoirdupois System
Apothecaries’ system
Used by pharmacist in weighing ingredients for
compounding prescriptions

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Avoirdupois system
- Used by wholesalers and manufacturers in providing
pharmacist powdered drugs or chemicals in bulk or
stock packages

Vermont E
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Arvesu, RPh

12
17

Apothecaries’ System of Volume (Liquids)
Minim

Fluid
drams

Fluid
ounce

pints

Basic Unit

1

1 fluidram

60

1 fluidounce

480

8

1 pint

7680

128

16

1 quart

15360

256

32

2

1 gallon

61440

1024

128

8

quarts

Vermont E
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432 gr
2
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)
1 lb (apoth)
1 oz

0
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35 g
31
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2 g
437
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Arvesu, RPh

19

Avoirdupois Measure of Volume
1 ml
1 minim

16
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06 ml

1 fluid dram
1 fluid ounce
1 pt
1G
1G

3
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57 ml
473 ml
3785 ml
128 fluid dram

Vermont E
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Apothecaries’ and Avoirdupois System
Convert the following to weighable
apothecaries’ units
1
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20 gr = _______ dram
3
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12 pound = _______ ounce
5
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31 gallon = _______ minims
7
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Arvesu, RPh

21

C
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- Easily understood by the patients and may be safely
used during self medications at home
- Basic unit in the household system is the drop “gtt”
- Does not represent a definite quantity, since drops of
different liquids vary greatly
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Arvesu, RPh

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C
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Arvesu, RPh

23

C
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Arvesu, RPh

24

C
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Arvesu, RPh

25

End of Lecture! (*-*)

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