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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
KasdiMerbah University - Ouargla
Faculty of Letters and Languages
Department of Letters and English Language
Webpage: www
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A
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The
various methods of data gathering involve the use of appropriate recording forms
These are called tools or instruments of data collection
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Data can be gathered
from a number of sources using different tools such as Interviews
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However, the practice has not always
been theorized or distinguished from other modes of acquiring information
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” (Platt Jennifer, 2002, chapter 1)
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It is a skill which must be mastered
by every analyst
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Interviewing is one of the
primary tools that the analyst needs, the Interview as a data collecting tool has it's
specific process, types, kinds, and of course advantages and disadvantages
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2-The Process of Conducting an Interview
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4-The Kinds of an Interview
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Face to Face Interview
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Phone Call Interview
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Email Interview
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6-Conclusion
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Generally, interview
means a private meeting between people when questions are asked and answered
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The person
who asks the questions of our interview is called an interviewer
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(" Meaning of interview", (n
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According to Gary Dessler, “An interview is a procedure designed to obtain
information from a person’s oral response to oral inquiries
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According to Dr
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M
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”
So, an interview is formal meetings between two people (the interviewer and the
interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information,
qualities, attitudes, wishes from the interviewee
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they allow more detailed questions to be asked
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respondents' own words are recorded
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precise wording can be tailored to respondent and precise meaning of
questions clarified (example for students with English as a Second Language)
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some interviewees may be less self-conscious in a one-to-one situation
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they can be costly
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( "Interviews", n
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para
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Purposes of interview:
The interview is an interchange views between two or more people on a certain
topic (Krale 1996:11) and the purposes of interview are many and varied from one to
another
To gather data as in surveys or experimental situation
To gather opinions or viewpoint
Provide information
To uncover problems
To explore views experience of individual
The research interview may serve three purposes:
First, it may be used as the principle means of gathering information by access to
what is inside a person’s head ( knowledge and information ) what a person like or
dislike ( values and preference ) and what a person thinks ( attitudes and beliefs )
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The last purpose is, it might be used to follow up unexpected result for
example, or to go deeper into the motivation of respondent and their reasons for
responding as they do
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one of the main advantages of
structured interview is that it provides uniform information, and requires fewer
interviewing skills than does unstructured interviewing
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Structured interview facilitates organization and analysis of the data; it needs a
tightly structured schedule
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They are
generally organized around a set of predetermined open-ended questions,
with other questions emerging from the dialogue between interviewer and
interviewee ⁄ s
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Most commonly they are only conducted once for an individual or group and
take between 30 minutes to several hours to complete
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Semi-structured interviews follow the same order of presentation and the same
wording for the main questions in the interview schedule, allow the interviewer the
freedom to elaborate on the original response or to follow a line of inquiry introduced
by the interviewee
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Interviewer: In what way has it increased?
Unstructured Interviews
Unstructured interviews have the most relaxed rules of the three
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There is no order and no script
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Unstructured interviews are most often used in ethnographies and case studies
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(Saul McLeod 2014)
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The benefit is that unstructured interviews often uncover information that
would not have been exposed using structured or semi-structured interviews
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Data sets collected using
unstructured interviews will be larger than the rest
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Face to face methods are used to probe the answer of respondents and at the
same time you can observe their reaction to the question, the body language and
attitude of the interviewee, also in the face to face interview is recorded so that the
interviewer can analyze the data later on
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Telephone interviews are sometimes offered
to applicants who are unable to attend an interview in person for reasons such as cost
or distance, or as a screening interview to determine whether an applicant will be
invited, at the company's expense, to attend a face-to-face interview in another city
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d), Para1)
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Researchers can invite participation of large or geographically
dispersed samples of people by sending them e-mail messages individually or through
listservs, message boards, or discussion groups, rather than making long-distance
telephone calls, using regular mail, or traveling to the location of participants
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Data from
e-mail interviews are generated in electronic format and require little editing or
formatting before they are processed for analysis
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(Lokman, n
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Ethical Issues In Interviewing
Interviews, like all evaluation methods, have ethical standards to follow
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Keep
respondent confidentiality at the forefront when we analyze the data
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taking permission is important when considering
how you wish to use the data
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Depending on the topic
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Although the interview may be an informal conversation
where two people are “just talking” about a specific topic, it is important to consider
the consequence of using the data collected, especially if its use can incur negative
ramifications to the respondent
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Will they or the community they live in benefit in some way from the
results? Will they receive a copy of the final report, thank you card, etc
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5- Special Issues Regarding Minors – Interviewing minors has a host of special
ethical issues including, but not limited to, informed consent of the parent or guardian
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(Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Patton, M
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Conclusion
An interview is formal meetings between two people where questions are asked
by the interviewer to obtain information, qualities, attitudes, wishes from the
interviewee
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whereas they can be very time-consuming in
setting up, interviewing, transcribing analyzing, feedback, and reporting, also they can
be costly
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We can distinguish three major types of an interview, to begin with is the
structured interviews, in which a predetermined set of question using the same
wording and order of questions are asked by the interviewer to be answered by the
interviewee
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finally the
unstructured interviews, In this type, researchers need only a checklist of topics to be
covered during the interview, there is no order and no script
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In the end The interview is the primary technique for information gathering, and
it has it's specific process, types, kinds, and of course advantages and disadvantages
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- Cohen, L, ( 2007), Research Methods in Education
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- Lokman, (2006), E-Mail Interviewing in Qualitative Research: A Methodological
Discussion, Wiley Periodicals, Inc
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- Louis , Lawrence and Keith ,(2000), Research Methods in Education (5th Edition),
RoutledgeFalmer, 11 New Fetter Lane, London
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d)
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com/what-is-interview-types-of-interviews/
- Platt Jennifer, (2002)
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- Ranjit, K, (1996), Research Methodology
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- Telephone Interview, (n
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- "The Interview And Other Data Gathering Methods", (n
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