Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Electrons In Atoms
 Explain and use the term ionisation energy
 Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of
elements

For more notes contact us: educationalwords@gmail
...


Example;
If you remove an electron from hydrogen atom, hydrogen ion is
formed
...


What is first ionisation energy of an element?
 Is the energy needed to remove one electron from each atom
in one mole of atoms of the element in gaseous state to form
one mole of gaseous 1+ ions
...

Therefore, second ionisation energy is defined as:
 Is the energy needed to remove the second electron from an
ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions
...

The general symbol for ionisation energy is ΔHi
...


For more notes contact us: educationalwords@gmail
...

Successive ionisation energy increases as each electron is
removed from an atom
...


Factors That Influence Ionisation Energy
1
...
Distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
3
...
com

1
...
The bigger the positive charge , the
greater the attractive force between the nucleus and the
electrons
...

In general, ionipsation energy increases as the proton number
increases
...
Distance of outer electrons from nucleus
The force of attraction between positive and negative charges
decreases rapidly as the distance between them increases
...

The further the outer electron shell is from the nucleus, the lower
the ionisation energy
...
Shielding effect on inner electrons
Since all electrons are negatively charged they repel each other
...
Full
inner shells of electrons prevent a full nuclear charge being felt by
the outer electrons
...
The greater the

For more notes contact us: educationalwords@gmail
...

The ionisation energy is lower as the number of full electron shells
between the outer electrons and the nucleus increases
...
A logarithmic
scale is used because the values of successive ionisation
energies have such a large range
...
It is very easily
For more notes contact us: educationalwords@gmail
...
It is therefore likely to be a long
way from the nucleus and well shielded by inner electron
shells
...
There is a big jump in the value of the
ionisation energy
...
Taken together, The 1st and 2nd ionization
energies suggest that sodium has no electron in its outer
shell
...
This
suggests that all these eight electrons are in the same
shell
...
This
suggests that they are very close to the nucleus
...
The large increase in ionization
energy between the 9th and 10th electrons confirms that
the 10th electron energy is in a shell closer to the nucleus
during the 9th electron
...
com

For more notes contact us: educationalwords@gmail

---