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INTRODUCTION TO COMPILERS
COMPILER:A compiler translates the code written in high level language to machine level language without
changing the meaning of the program
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Compiler design principles provide an in-depth view of translation and optimization process
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It includes
lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis as front end, and code generation and optimization as
back-end
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So we write programs
in high-level language, which is easier for us to understand and remember
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This is known as Language Processing System
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Source-to-source Compiler
A compiler that takes the source code of one programming language and translates it into the
source code of another programming language is called a source-to-source compiler
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Each phase takes input from its
previous stage, has its own representation of source program, and feeds its output to the next
phase of the compiler
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Fig
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This phase scans the source code as a stream
of characters and converts it into meaningful lexemes
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It takes the token produced by lexical
analysis as input and generates a parse tree (or syntax tree)
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e
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Semantic Analysis
Semantic analysis checks whether the parse tree constructed follows the rules of language
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Also, the semantic analyzer keeps track of identifiers, their types and expressions;
whether identifiers are declared before use or not etc
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Intermediate Code Generation
After semantic analysis the compiler generates an intermediate code of the source code for the
target machine
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It is in between the highlevel language and the machine language
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Code Optimization
The next phase does code optimization of the intermediate code
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Code Generation
In this phase, the code generator takes the optimized representation of the intermediate code and
maps it to the target machine language
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Sequence of instructions of machine code
performs the task as the intermediate code would do
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All the identifier's
names along with their types are stored here
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The symbol table is also used for scope
management