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MSB 100 MYCOLOGY
Introduction:
Mycology is the study of fungi
Morphology
• Fungi are a group of eukaryotic organisms with
a diversity of morphological appearances
depending on species
...
Whereas
moulds are filamentous and multi-cellular,
yeasts are usually unicellular
...
They
reproduce both sexually and asexually
...
• They are commonly egg-shaped, but some are
elongated and some spherical
...
• Yeasts have no flagella or other locomotory
organelles seen in bacteria
...
• Spores are resistant resting or dormant cells
...
• New hyphae generally arise from a spore which
on germination puts out germ tube(s)
...
Morphology conti-• Hyphae occur in three forms:
• i) Non-septate- such hyphae have no
septa,
• ii) Septate with uninucleate cells,
• iii) Septate with multinucleate cells- each
cell has more than one nucleus in each
compartment
...
• a) Asexual (vegetative) reproduction does not involve the
union of nuclei, sex cells or sex organs
...
Reproduction conti-• Asexual spores (function- disseminate the
species), are produced in large numbers
...
• Conidiospores (conidia) - are of two
types; microconidia or macroconidia
...
Macroconidia are large and multicelled
...
• Chlamydospores - thick-walled, singlecelled spores highly resistant to
unfavourable conditions; formed from cells
of vegetative hyphae
...
Reproduction
• b) Sexual reproduction is carried out by
fusion of compatible nuclei of two parent
cells
...
Reproduction
• Sexual spores include:
• Ascospores - single-celled spores
produced in a sac called ascus; there are
usually 8 ascospores ineach ascus
...
Reproduction conti-• Zygospores - large, thick-walled spores
formed when the tips of sexually
compatible hyphae of certain fungi fuse
together
...
Fertilization of the eggs or oospheres by
the male gametes formed in an
antheridium gives rise to oospores
...
Morphological classification of fungi:
• Fungi are grouped into 4 morphologic
classes:
(i)
...
The filaments (hyphae) usually
branch and intertwine to form a network
called mycelia
...
• Examples include Cryptococcus
(iii) Yeast-like fungi
• Are fungi that are partly yeasts and partly
mould (pseudohyphae)
...
Classification conti-• (iv)
...
Examples include
Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccodioides
etc
...
Classification conti-2
...
Fungi classified into kingdom, divisions,
subdivisions, classes, subclasses,
orders, families, genera and species
...
• Division names end in
:
-mycota
• Sub-division names end in:
-mycotina
• Class names end in:
-mycetes
• Sub- class names end in :
-mycetidae
• Order names end in:
-ales
• Family names end in:
-aceae
• Genus and species names follow no order
...
Ingestion of poisonous fungi
(Basidiomycetes): e
...
toxic mushrooms;
•
Amanita phalloides
•
Amanita muscaria
Fungi and disease conti-• 2
...
Fungal Allergies
• Allergic reactions due to contact with fungal
bodies/spores floating in the air e
...
Aspergillus,
Mucor, Penicillium, Candida spp
...
Mycoses
• a) Primary mycoses - diseases due to
infections with pathogenic fungi
•
• b) Secondary/Opportunistic mycosesdiseases due to infection with normally
non-pathogenic fungi as a result of
weakened immune system
...
Superficial mycoses (dermatomycoses
and dermatophytoses)
•
2
...
e