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• THE  CONTINUING  EFFORTS  POST  WW2  TO  ACHIEVE  PEACE  AND  SECURITY  IN  THE  
WORLD,  INCLUDING  AUSTRALIA’S  INVOLVEMENT  IN  UN  PEACEKEEPING
...
 Australia  was  part  of  the  
very  first  group  of  UN  military  observers  in  Indonesia,  1947
...
 Today  the  media  can  fill  a  similar  role,  but  military  observers  with  a  
peacekeeping  operation  are  more  impartial  and  can  use  their  military  training  to  assess  
a  situation  more  accurately
...
 For  the  first  time,  RAN  ships  took  part  in  a  peacekeeping  
operation,  enforcing  UN-­‐imposed  sanctions  against  Iraq  both  before  and  after  the  Gulf  
War
...
   
• THE  NATURE  OF  THE  COLD  WAR;  AUSTRALIA’S  INVOLVEMENT  IN  THE  COLD  WAR  
AND  POST-­‐COLD  WAR  CONFLICTS    (KOREAN  VIETNAM,  GULF  WARS,  AFGHANISTAN),  
INCLUDING  THE  RISING  INFLUENCE  OF  ASIAN  NATIONS  SINCE  THE  END  OF  THE  COLD  
WAR      
o 1945-­‐1989  
o The  Cold  War  is  a  name  given  to  the  relationship  between  USA  and  USSR  (Soviet  Union)  
in  1945  after  World  War  2
...
 The  Cold  War  
was  when  political  relations  between  countries  were  hostile  and  there  was  a  continuous  
military  threat
...
 The  War  represented  an  extremely  serious  threat  to  world  peace
...
 It  
aimed  to  defend  its  member  states  against  the  perceived  threat  of  Soviet  aggression
...
 
§ A  military  treaty  that  binds  the  countries  together  and  are  still  in  place  today,  but  
changed  slightly  when  New  Zealand  did  not  agree  with  the  US  nuclear  activities  and  did  
not  send  troops  to  Iraq  in  2003  but  Australia  did
...
 The  South  East  Asia  Treaty  Organisation  was  created  by  the  signing  of  the  Manilla  
Pact  in  1954  in  the  Philippines,  it  was  dissolved  in  1977  after  the  US  withdrawal  from  
Vietnam
...
 
• THE  CONCEPTS  OF  DOMINO  THEORY  AND  FORWARD  DEFENCE      

o The  Domino  Theory  is  part  of  the  Cold  War  and  is  wrapped  up  in  the  power  struggle  
between  the  super  powers  of  the  USSR  and  the  USA
...
 
• REASONS  FOR  AUSTRALIAN  INVOLVEMENT  IN  THE  VIETNAM  WAR      
o Indonesia  is  our  closest  neighbour  and  Aus
...
 
o Fear  of  communism;  The  domino  theory  was  governed  by  the  U
...
 It  held  that  a  communist  victory  in  one  nation  would  quickly  
lead  to  a  chain  reaction  of  communist  takeovers  in  neighbouring  states
...
 He  was  a  firm  believer  in  the  American  policy  of  
containment
...
   
o It  had  tried  to  ban  the  Communist  Party  in  1950-­‐51  as  it  believed  that  Australia  had  a  
commitment  to  support  its  ally  the  U
...
 
o SEATO  -­‐  The  focus  was  to  stop  communism  and  to  financially  support  democratic  
governments  in  South  East  Asia
...
 
§ Part  of  SEATO  said  that  if  Indochina  was  ever  threatened  by  communism  then  SEATO  
would  get  involved
...
 
o Around  100  000  people  marched  –  MELBOURNE
...
 200  people  were  arrested
...
 
o 3rd  Moratorium;  nearly  100  000  people  marched  in  Melbourne,  June  1971
...
 
o It  was  a  peaceful  demonstration  with  no  arrests  made
...
 Many  
ordinary  Australians  were  opposed  to  the  moratorium
...
 The  government  did  not  overreact  and  employ  any  heavy-­‐handed  strategies  to  
deal  with  the  Moratorium  marchers
...
   
o Many  people  went  against  their  families’  and  friends’  beliefs  to  march  in  the  
moratoriums,  some  even  disguised  themselves  to  not  be  recognized
...
   
o Conscription  of  nation’s  you  to  fight  it
...
 

o The  aim  of  this  movement  was  to  demonstrate  the  strength  and  power  behind  the  anti-­‐
war  movement
...
   
• HOW  DID  THE  MOVEMENT  TAKE  PLACE?  WHAT  METHODS  OR  STRATEGIES  WERE  USED  
AND  WHY?    
o The  movement  was  mostly  a  peaceful  protest
...
 
o Thousands  of  people  stopped  work  for  the  day  and  marched  in  the  streets  to  protest  
American  involvement  in  the  war
...
 They  were  
surprised  at  the  level  of  anti-­‐government  feeling  in  the  country
...
 Aussies  no  longer  wanted  the  prestige  that  supposedly  came  with  fighting  
wars,  and  they  no  longer  agreed  with  the  ‘Forward  Defence’  policy
...
 The  
moratoriums  led  up  to  the  1972  federal  election,  which  was  a  promise  to  end  
conscription  that  happened,  part  of  the  Labor  campaign
...
 
 
 

 



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