Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

APUSH Notes: Chapter 6

Gabby Shacknai

Annaconda Plan:
• Winfield Scott’s idea
• Blockade Southern Coast
• Bisect Mississippi River, separating Eastern/Western Confederacy
• Invade Lower South from Tennessee, cutting Lower/Upper South
• Surround and capture Richmond
• How the war is ultimately wined four years later
• Annaconda like the snake, surrounding and tightening until you kill
“Rebel Rose” O’neal Greenhow—spy:
• Most famous spy of the Civil War
•
•
•

•

D
...
society lady, widow, wealthy
Die hard Southerner
Opened up a high-class salon in DC when the war started
o Hires die hard attractive Southern girls who are trained to be
hostesses
o Clients are US senators, congressmen, etc
...

(Key 73)
Diplomacy—link to the discussions in Killer Angels and figures like
Arthur Freemantle
o Trent Affair
§ Trent is a British war ship that carried two confederates
§ Americans knew about it so the Unions stopped Trent in
the middle of the ocean (war crime) and took the two
off
§ Lincoln was really mad so he sent men to England to
apologize to keep them from recognizing Confederacy
o Laird Rams—Alabama
§ Puts England on the verge of siding with the
Confederacy
§ Ship company—England says that they won’t let their
ships go to war for the Confeds

Some of the ships are attacking Yankees on the coast of
Alaska in October 1865…when the war was already over
o Diplomacy of Charles Francis Adams—the same clan
§ Grandson of John
§ Helped to maintain peace with England
o Key 76
Compare and contrast Lincoln and Davis—Key 73
To what extent does Lincoln curtail civil liberties? Constitutional?
Evaluate
...

§ Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia
ú Thought it necessary to burn smokehouses,
livestock, and fields so that the Confeds couldn’t
supply themselves
Grant—Forts Henry and Donelson
Shiloh GOOGLE!!!!
§ Ulysses S
...
)
ú Later started KKK
New Orleans
§ Closed down anything coming out of New Orleans
§ Beast Butler was put in charge of New Orleans by
Confeds
...
Grant
§ Far more important than Gettysburg—big turning point
§ July 4th, 1863
§ Involves Annaconda plan, capturing Mississippi
§ Where Grant earns Lincoln’s greatest respect

Essentially trapped Vicksburg
Very quietly brought Grant to the east and
created a position higher than that of Meade
§ Meade failed to destroy the army yet again
ú Let the Rebels escape yet again
§ Very quietly brought Grant to the east and created a
position higher than that of Meade
o Sherman’s Campaign
o Grant’s Virginia Campaign
§ Grant launched
§ When defeated, doesn’t retreat; instead, goes around
ú
ú

In 30 days, Grant has 100,000 casualties because he
knows that he will win the war
ú Every soldier that he has can be replaced; the
Rebel soldiers can’t
§ Doing the same sort of thing he did in Vicksburg
§ 9 month seize just in Petersburg
§ Miners decided to dig a tunnel (The Crater)
ú The black corps wants to do it
ú Every other regiment is dismantled, half dead
ú Blacks wanted to prove themselves
§ Night before the attack, Grant is persuaded not to let
the blacks do it
ú Changed divisions last minute
ú Passed down to Burnside, didn’t have to courage
to assign it
• The worst division chose the short straw
§ Natnan Bedford Forrest (Confed
...
1863-1877:
Reconstructionà goals and objectives and to what extent? Radical Change?
(1863-1877)à 12/1865à Jim Crow Law in the Southà To what extent did
the accomplishments in goals and objectives in reconstruction endure
beyond 1877? à Modern Civil Rights Movement (AP)

Issues:
• See four basic questions page 479
o How do we bring the south back into the Union?
o How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the
war?
o How do we integrate and protect newly-emancipated black
freedmen?
o What branch of government should control the process of
Reconstruction?
• 620,000 dead—now 750,000 as of newest research
•
•

•

•

4 million freed men
Cost: 8
...
White (1869)
o Over bonds
o Texas sued this guy named White (one of the guys who sold
the bonds)
o Done while the Texas gov
...
states

o The Supreme Court concluded that nothing would be done
because the CSA had no standing in court so any states who
were members had no validity and that succession was illegal
§ Essentially said that the CSA was not a part of the US
so any time they
Freedmen—Freedmen’s Bureau, Oliver Howard
• Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
• Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to free blacks
o Seen as a lazy man place: Plenty to eat and nothing to do
o Essentially a welfare agency for the poor
• Marriage and Family
o Restoration/reuniting of black families
o Many blacks weren’t legally married in any recognizable way
so they went through the appropriate rituals
• Black churches, Baptist, AME, Exodusters (Pap Singleton)
• Education, Freemen’s Bureau Schools, 3000 schools, 150000 pupils,
3000 black teachers
o Teach elementary banking, managing money, buying land,
basically things that they would never know how to
o Crammed with men of all ages
§ A lot want to read to be able to read the Bible
• Land—sharecropping, tenantry, Southern Homestead Act, 1866
• Black Codes
o Essentially restored pre-14th amendment conditions for blacks
without slavery

Presidential Plans:
• Lincoln’s 10% Plan
o Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8,
1863)
o Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South
o He didn’t consult Congress regarding Reconstruction
§ Congress does not pass the plan because it does not
really change the leadership in the south, there is
essentially no punishment, and it doesn’t really change
conditions for blacks
o 1864à “Lincoln Governments”

•

•

§ formed in LA, TN, AR
§ “loyal assemblies”
o Wade Davis Bill, Iron Clad Oath
§ Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an
“iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never
voluntarily aided the rebellion)
§ Required a state constitutional convention before the
election of state officials
§ Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties
§ Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill
o Wade Davis Manifesto
§ Basically said that congress was pissed off; reflecting
their sentiments to Lincoln’s lack of consulting congress,
says he’s acting more like a dictator
th
13 Amendment
o Ratified in December, 1865
o Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly
conceived, shall exist within the United States
Andrew Johnson’s Restoration
o Jacksonian Democrat
o Anti-Aristocrat
o White Supremacist
o Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the
Union

o Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except Confederate
civil and military officers and those with property over
$20,000 (they could apply directly to Johnson)
o Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum
requirements
o Johnson granted over 13,000 pardons
o Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats,
their masters!
Radical/Congressional Reconstruction (*indicates override of Johnson’s veto)
• *Civil Rights Act, 4/1866—to invalidate Black Codes
o Black Codes
Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were
emancipated
§ Restore pre-emancipation system of race relations
§ Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers
§ Essentially slavery with modifications
ú Only major difference is that they cannot be
bought and sold
§ Precursor to the 14th Amendment—to protect blacks
before it was passed
*Supplementary Freedman’s Bureau, 7/66—combat Black Codes;
aid Freedmen; override Johnson
*Reconstruction Act, 3/1867 (includes these supplements, all
vetoed but overridden)
o Invalidates Johnson’s state governments
o Creates five military districts
o Disenfranchises leading Confederates
o Process for readmission
§ Ratification of 14th Amendment (four key principles, p
...
491)
o Passed when these states have complied with all the
directives of the North
o Offers an olive branch to all white southerners
Heals and brings thousands of white voters into the
territory

•
•

•

Enforcement Acts, 1870-1871—to battle Ku Klux Klan
o Used the US Army to go in and find the leaders
Amnesty Act, 5/72—Restores franchise to most Southerners
o With redemption, these states were violating what is now
known as Jim Crowe laws—segregation
Civil Rights Act, 3/75—Outlaws segregation in transportation, public
facilities, juries (overturned 1883)
o Passed to try to get rid of segregation
o US Supreme Court invalidated that law in 1883
o Claimed that it was private property so they could do
anything they want—starts segregation until 19--

Impeachment
• The House impeached Johnson on February 24 before even drawing
up the charges by a vote of 126-47!
o Illegal to start before the charges are drawn up
• 12 Articles, vote 35-19 (seven Republicans acquit)
o Fell one vote short of the 36 needed to remove him from
office
• Edmund Ross, Kansas—Profiles in Courage
o John F
...
W
...
War Belknap
o Forced to resign after found guilty of receiving “kickbacks” in
return for monopoly jobs on Indian reservations
o One federally employed man put in charge of entire Indian
reservation; can charge whatever he wants
o Busted but not criminally charged
Credit Mobilier—construction of Union Pacific
o Federal government contracted with Union Pacific to build the
first big national railroad
o Little to no insight what the general contractor is doing—
prices, etc
...
508; spark is bankruptcy of Jay
Cooke Investment Banking, Philadelphia
o Considered the Great Depression before the Great Depression
of 1929
o Jay Cooke Investment Banking is the top of the line, MerrylLynch equivalent
o 18,000 business failures
o Loss of $500 million in investments
o 2 million unemployed
o From text, note Resumption/Redemption Act; demonetization of silver (Crime of ’73)
Silver minors were selling their silver abroad for a
higher profit
§ Grant’s idea
People are overall frustrated with Grant at the end of his
presidency—he was responsible for the scandals, should have dealt
with it more
of 1876/Copromise of 1877
Samuel Tilden (D), 184 electoral votes, 260,000 popular majority,
Rutherford (Rutherfraud) Hayes, 185 votes
o Tilden is seen as completely clean—prosecuting attorney who
put Tweed in jail; gov
...

§

•

Election
•

•
•

o Causes an 8-7 vote—Rutherford Hayes wins
• Wormley Hotel—end of military occupation; Southerner in cabinet;
$ railroad; South pledges to uphold rights
o Compensation to the south for not protesting Hayes’s
presidency
o Former confed
...
$200 million stolen), cartoons of
Thomas Nast
Victoria Claflin Woodhull
o First woman to run for president

Race and Ethnicity, c
...

Reese (1876)
o Poll Tax (24th amendment, 1964)
o Grandfather Clause (Guinn v
...
Alright, 1944)
§ Declare 24th amendment illegal

•

•

o Literacy Tests—upheld Williams v
...
Cruikshank (1876)
§ Over coalfax massacre
§ Court does not protect you from crime groups
§ That’s the states job
o Civil Rights Cases (1883)
§ 14th amendment doesn’t protect you from the
o US v
...
Ferguson (1896)
§ Public school paid for by taxes of both white and black
o Cummings v
...
Illinois (1873)
§ A Gender Case
§ Mary Bradwell was a lawyer in Illinois and Illinois would
not grant her the right to practice
§ She sued Illinois under the 14th Amendment
§ Illinois Supreme Court said that it was okay and that a
woman’s job was in the house
§ Supreme Court reinforced the lower ruling
Economic Dependency/13th Amendment
o Sharecropping

o Crop lien
§ A credit issue
§ When black people and poor white people need to
borrow money
§ They go to the local store, merchant
§ Blacks are charged criminal rates, whites charged
reasonably
§ No law saying you can’t charge different interest rates
for different people 4
§ A lien=a loan with collateral
§ The crop is the collateral
•

Response
o Booker T
...
E
...
DuBois
§ “Talented Tenth”

That among the African American community,
only one out of ten are educated—up to them to
prove themselves
Niagara Movement
ú A group of black and white performers who
wanted to basically fight Jim Crowe
ú Wanted to meet in Buffalo but no hotel would
allow them to stay together
NAACP, 1909
ú Oldest civil rights group in the US
First black PhD in the US—HARVARD PhD
ú

§

§
§

§ An elitist who believes in the “Talented Tenth”
§ Doesn’t accept social or political disenfranchisement
§ Becomes the voice of a younger black youth
§ Listen to DuBois instead of Washington
o Ida B
...
Wells is one of the founders of the NAACW—
feminist
Without Sanctuary
Robert Charles—black nationalist; back-to-Africa (link Marcus
Garvey, UNIA Harlem)
§ About 70 years ahead of his time
§ Black militancy & black nationalism
§ Killed decorated police officer, Officer Day, because he
witnessed the brutalization of a black man
Holiday, “Strange Fruit”
Her mother gave birth to her at 13, essentially left her to
relatives
Grew up in a terrible part of Baltimore
Her mom came back to find her daughter being raped (11 yrs
old)
She and her mom move to NY and work in a brothel
Fell in love with music and heroin at only 16—alcoholic
ú

o
o

•

Billie
o
o
o
o
o

Nativism:
• Dennis Kearney, Workingman’s Party
• Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
The West: Railroads and Mining Towns:
Railroads

•
•
•

35,000 miles in 1865 to 192,556 in 1900
Land Grants: 155,504,994 acres plus 49,000,000 from states
Transcontinental Railroad Act 1862: Union Pacific/Central Pacific
o Central Pacific is building east
o Union Pacific is building west
o “Big Four”—Leland Stanford, Collis P
...
P
...
Rockefeller—at one point richest man in the world
o Standard Oil Co
...
50/hour in 2009 money
• Lowered prices to cost of living—competition, what’s reasonable,
capitalism

•

Living and working conditions:
o Child Labor—2 million 1900 1/6 of population
§ Equivalent to 25% of Southern textile workers
o 1913: 25,000 work pleas fatalities; 700,000 work related
injuries
o No workman’s compensation

29/01/2016 05:19

29/01/2016 05:19



---