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Title: The Human Ear - How it Works and What It Does
Description: These notes explain in depth what the anatomy of the human ear, and how it works. These notes are helpful for Music Technology students who have to do the Acoustics for Musicians module. There is more to the ear than just what these notes show, but these give a very good starting point for your assignment and should be expanded on if possible.

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The Ear and it’s Function 
 
Introduction 
Ears are the most important tools you have when trying to get a job in the music industry
...
 
 
The Anatomy of the Ear 
There are 3 sections of the ear
...
 The outer consists of the 
Pinna, the Ear Canal, and the tympanic membrane
...
 The inner ear consists of the Cochlea, the semicircular canals, 
and the vestibular nerve
...
 
 
The Outer Ear 
The pinna is the part of the ear that sticks out of the side of your head
...
 Every fold of the ear has a name 
and all of them help direct sound in the correct direction
...
 Here is a 
list of each fold of the pinna: 
Helix, triangular fossa, antihelix, concha, tragus, external auditory meatus, antitragus, and the 
lobule
...
 It acts as a funnel of sorts to get 
sound from the pinna to the tympanic membrane, also known more commonly as the eardrum
...
 Cerumen, also known as Earwax, is a waxy 
substance secreted in the ear canal
...
 
The tympanic membrane is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear
...
 When sound waves 
reach the tympanic membrane they cause it to vibrate
...
 
 
The Middle Ear 
The ossicles bones are the first part of the Middle ear
...
 A transducer is 
something that converts one type of energy into another E
...
 Waves from the air into 
mechanical vibrations
...
 They are a system of levers which 
are linked together and are driven by the tympanic membrane
...
 These bones amplify the force of sound vibrations
...
 They act as safety 
devices to protect the ear from excessively large vibrations from loud sounds
...
 At the same time the Stapes muscles contract to pull the stapes away from the 
oval window so less vibrations are passed to the cochlea
...
 It extends from the anterior wall of the middle ear to the lateral wall of the 
nasopharynx
...
 when this 
happens we here a small pop
...
 Without the eustachian tube air would be unable to escape from an ear and 
the middle ear would be isolated from the atmosphere which can cause damage by pressure 
change very easily
...
 It is shaped a bit like a snail’s shell and divided 
into three different fluid­filled sections
...
 The perilymph fluid in 
the canals differs from the endolymph fluid in the cochlea duct
...
 From mechanical vibrations from the ossicles bones are transduced by 
the oval window into pulses in the liquid in the cochlea
...
 These have small hairs inside that tell us what angle our head is at
...
 It sends electrical pulses to our brain that 
tells us what angle our head is at
...
 
Although this nerve sends audio information to the brain, it is also used to send information from 
the brain to the cochlea which helps us to suppress unwanted sounds, such as background 
noise
Title: The Human Ear - How it Works and What It Does
Description: These notes explain in depth what the anatomy of the human ear, and how it works. These notes are helpful for Music Technology students who have to do the Acoustics for Musicians module. There is more to the ear than just what these notes show, but these give a very good starting point for your assignment and should be expanded on if possible.