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Title: Essay on why the media should be held to account, and how the Internet has helped the audience hold media to account more
Description: High second-class essay. 1561 words. Includes references. Originally used for second year module, BA Journalism.
Description: High second-class essay. 1561 words. Includes references. Originally used for second year module, BA Journalism.
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Why should news media be held to account for their work, and how has the Internet – through
practices like newsroom or independent media blogs, online ombudsmen and media criticism
via Web 2
...
Denis McQuail defines media accountability as “voluntary or involuntary
processes by which the media answer directly or indirectly to their society for the quality and/or
consequences of the publication” (McQuail: 2005: 207)
...
This is set out in the ‘social responsibility
theory’, which states that “the press should promote the public good and avoid harm“(McQuail:
2013: 28)
...
This essay will also look into specific examples of innovative
media accountability instruments created as a result of the Internet, as well as evaluating the
strengths and weaknesses of these instruments in a changing media climate
...
This increase in socalled ‘citizen journalism‘ has itself put pressure
on the media system and the possibility of holding news media to account due to the fact that
the media audience now receives and shares news differently (White: 2009)
...
An example of an
“involuntary process“ within McQuail’s media accountability definition, watchdog blogs are often
managed by the audience itself and highlight instances in which they feel that the news media
has not performed correctly
...
wordpress
...
The
most prominent campaign on this particular blog has been to seek answers from the US media
following the false reports that came in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook massacre, whereby
highprofile outlets including Fox News, CBS and CNN released the name and Facebook page
of a man believed to be the shooter, who was later found to be completely innocent (Kurtz:
2012)
...
This is clearly a case in which the media has had the power to damage
the reputation of an innocent citizen, as a result failing in its ‘social responsibilty‘ to the
audience
...
This blog can be seen as an example
of the watchdog blog as a media accountability instrument having success in holding the media
to account for its error; some media outlets including MSN admitted that parts of the information
reported on the Sandy Hook massacre were incorrect, citing the pressure in today’s media
climate to be the first to report new information as a justification for the errors (Moore: 2012)
...
For instance, only a small number of the media population
involved in the false reporting actually corrected or apologised for their error in naming and
publicising the wrong man, perhaps due to the small audience that the watchdog blog itself can
actually reach
...
Another way in which the Internet has increased the media audience’s possibilities in holding
news media to account is through increasing the levels of transparency from the media itself,
and providing more opportunities for response for the audience
...
Traditional media accountability instruments such as ombudsmen and press councils are still in
use, but due to the fastpaced nature of the media system following the popularity of the
Internet, are beginning to be considered outdated and slow
...
Therefore, some publications have been utilising their online platform in order to give their
audience more opportunities to hold news media to account, through more transparency and
responsiveness
...
One such example of this comes from British
newspaper The Guardian; following the scrutiny on the British media in the wake of the phone
hacking scandal and Leveson inquiry, the newspaper conducted a survey with the question “do
you believe that it is important for The Guardian to be open with readers in the way it makes
editorial decisions and operates as a business?“
...
In light of this, and the miscroscopic analysis of the British media following the phone
hacking scandal, it has been argued that the news media should be held to account for its
actions as it would be hypocritical not to do so
...
“ (Abbas: 2011)
As a result, more innovative media accountability instruments have been developed using the
Internet as a tool
...
Ground Report is, on the surface, a media outlet for citizen journalism and
describes itself as “global news and opinion from the hyperlocal perspective” (Ground Report:
2014)
...
The reason why
news media should be held to account for not checking facts before publishing a story is set out
in media accountability project MediaAct’s final report, stating that “as journalism is a discipline
of verification, it is hazardous to publish news that still needs to be checked” (MediaAct: 2013)
...
Therefore it is significant that
innovative media accountability instruments utilising the Internet such as Ground Report are
being developed, not least for the reason that this example makes use of the growing trend of
‘citizen journalism’ and provides fastpaced reports from people already at the scene of the
story, thus delivering more perspectives
...
However, there are some notable weaknesses in this particular instrument
...
For
example, it’s coverage of the Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008 “attracted fewer than 200
viewers” at the time, according to an AdWeek report (Wikipedia: 2014)
...
Bibliography
∙ McQuail, Denis, (2005) cQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (Fifth Edition) London: Sage
M
∙ McQuail, Denis (2013)
Journalism and Society London: Sage
∙ White, Aidan (2009) “Media Accountability: Setting Standards for Journalism and Democracy“
(Online) Available at:
http://ethicaljournalisminitiative
...
pdf
(Accessed
29/10/2014)
∙ holdthemediaacountable blog (2012) (Online) Available at:
https://holdthemediaaccountable
...
com/
(Accessed 7/11/2014)
∙ Kurtz, Howard (2012) “Media Misfire: Accusing the Wrong Man in Connecticut Shooting“
(Online) Available at:
http://www
...
com/articles/2012/12/14/mediamisfireaccusingthewrongmanincon
necticutshooting
...
story unfolds, media struggle with facts“ (Online) Available at:
http://bigstory
...
org/article/connstoryunfoldsmediastrugglefacts
(Accessed 7/11/2014)
∙ MediaAct (2013) ediaAct Final Report (Online) Available at:
M
http://www
...
com/document/view/15922335/mediaact
(Accessed 1/11/2014)
∙ McCarthy, Justin (2014) “Trust in mass media returns to alltime low“ (Online) Available at:
http://www
...
com/poll/176042/trustmassmediareturnstimelow
...
wikipedia
...
theguardian
...
reuters
Title: Essay on why the media should be held to account, and how the Internet has helped the audience hold media to account more
Description: High second-class essay. 1561 words. Includes references. Originally used for second year module, BA Journalism.
Description: High second-class essay. 1561 words. Includes references. Originally used for second year module, BA Journalism.