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Co-transport and absorption of glucose in the ileum
Increasing the rate of movement across membranes
Epithelial cells contain microvilli which provide increased surface area for the insertion of carrier
proteins through which diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport can take place
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The role of diffusion in absorption
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or ions from a region of high conc to one of low conc
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Therefore the substances move down the gradient
by facilitated diffusion from in the ileum into the blood
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Role of active transport in absorption
As diffusion causes equilibrium in and out of the ileum active transport is required to transfer the
rest of the glucose and AA in the ileum into the blood
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Process: sodium ions are transported out of the epithelial cells, by the pump into the blood
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The ions diffuse into the epithelial cells down the
concentration gradient through a different type of carrier protein
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The glucose/AA pass into the blood plasma by facilitated diffusion using a
different type of carrier
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Inherit
form of active transport
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As glucose provides energy as it is a substrate released by respiration and it causes the
uptake of sodium ions from the intestine
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The sodium ions replace ones lost from the body and they also increase the use of glucose
carrier proteins to absorb more sodium ions
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To kill any bacterial pathogens
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Potassium ions lost in the body are replaced and they stimulate an appetite from the person
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Banana tastes good and is easily digested
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As water potential measures the conc of solute and therefor a lot of glucose will lower the
water potential compared to epithelial cells causing water to move out by osmosis making
the person more dehydrated
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Starch is large and insoluble
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Break it down using enzymes into smaller molecules to make it less viscous
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As different species and organisms have different characteristics and may react differently
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As a control so it can be used a comparison for those who actually took the drug
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No bias as those who knew they took the real drug may act up or make the symptoms look
worse or not as bad

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