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Title: Summary of Charging by Induction and Conduction
Description: Detailed notes about induction, conduction - explanatory diagrams on different apparatuses that use these properties of magnetism - i.e. laser printer, electrostatic precipitators, etc.
Description: Detailed notes about induction, conduction - explanatory diagrams on different apparatuses that use these properties of magnetism - i.e. laser printer, electrostatic precipitators, etc.
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11
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This works because some kinds of atoms are
more strongly attracted to electrons than others
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For example, a negatively charged bar can touch a neutral sphere
...
As a result, the
sphere becomes negatively charged
Charge by conduction does not have to take place between a charged object and a neutral object
Two charged objects may come into contact, and electrons may move from one object to another
...
The dust is attracted to the electrostatic duster and “jumps” off the dusty surface onto the
duster
An electrostatic precipitator is a device that removes particles from the air
...
This is because
some kinds of atoms are more strongly attracted to electrons than others
The electrostatic series is a list that ranks the tendency of different material to gain electrons
...
The neutral object becomes
charged with the same charge as the object that touched it
When two charged objects with different amounts of electric charge come in contact, electrons are
transferred between them
...
a) The silk will become negative and the glass will become positive
...
c) The rubber will become negative and the human hair will
become positive
...
2
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This occurs because atoms of one material have
more of an affinity for electrons than atoms of another material
...
3
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The way charge works is that the object that has more negative charge will transfer electrons to the
more positively charged object, and will continue doing so until both objects have the same charge (this is
known as distribution of charge)
...
Charging by Conduction
Charging by Friction
Involves contact
Involves rubbing
Can involve any two objects with a difference in
electric charge
Involves two neutral objects
Results in balanced charges
Results in imbalanced charges
5
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b) The particles moved from Y to X because in
charge by conduction, electrons always move from the more negatively charged object to the less
negatively charged object, in order to distribute the charge evenly between the two objects)
...
Electrons will travel up from the ground until the positively charged object becomes neutral (when the
amount of electrons is equal to the amount of protons)
...
Electrostatic precipitators are very expensive and are only effective on dry particles (not mist)
...
When I slid down a slide, the static electricity (charge imbalance) gave me a shock
...
11
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Copper wire is a conductor
...
Some non metals such as graphite (a form of carbon) are also reasonably good conductors of electricity
...
You can’t charge a conductor if you were holding it in your hand because any charge would immediately
pass through the conductor into you hand, which is grounded
...
Salt water is a fair conductor because ions pass through salt water easily
...
Oil, plastic, wood and fur are good insulators
...
A photoconductor is a special class of conductor that conducts electrons only when light shines on it
...
In this case, the light is a laser
...
The drum is rolled across positively charged toner particles that are attracted to the negatively charged
areas on the drum and are repelled by the positive areas
...
The paper does not catch fire because of how quickly this process happens
...
The drum rolls across the positively charged toner, which sticks to the negatively
charged laser “drawing”
...
Summary
Conductors allow electrons to pass through them easily
Insulators inhibit or prevent the movement of electrons
Semiconductors have special properties that make the fair conductors, not good conductors
Technologies such as laser printing use conductors and insulators
11
...
The electrons in the
balloon repel the electrons in the wall, causing an induced charge separation in the wall (the electrons in
the wall move away from the balloon
...
The wall
remains neutral because it still contains the same number of positive charge as negative charges
...
For example, consider a
negatively charged ebonite rod and a neutral pith ball
...
As a result, the side of the
pith ball closest to the rod becomes temporarily positively charged, while the side farthest from the rod
becomes temporarily negatively charged
...
You could also remove the electrons by connecting a conducting wire to the ground
...
For the
charge to be permanent, the ground must be disconnected or removed before the charged object is
removed
...
The object that induces the charge keeps its original charge, while the object whose charge was induced
receives the opposite charge
...
The black side of the film
is placed over the footprint
...
The dust and dirt particles from the
footprint are attracted to the black side of the film
...
Electrostatic speakers: The speakers are constructed of three thin layers
...
The inner layer is a flexible film called the
diaphragm
...
The works because of the principles of
induction and the Law of Electric Charge
...
Then an audio transformer is used to induce opposite charges in the other two plates
...
The
audio transformer then rapidly induces the static charges in the outer plates to reverse themselves
...
This reversing of charges on the outer
plates happens repeatedly and at variable frequencies causing the diaphragm to rapidly vibrate back and
forth between the plates, producing sound waves in the air
...
A disadvantage is their poor bass response
...
Objects can be charged permanently by induction by bringing a charge object near a neutral object,
grounding it, removing the ground and then removing the charged object
...
Charging by induction has many applications, including electrostatic speakers and the electrostatic lifting
apparatus (for footprints)
...
8
Electric discharge: the rapid transfer of electric charge from one object to another (the greater the charge
imbalance, the larger the discharge)
When an electric discharge occurs, the air temperature around the discharge increases
...
Hand and door electric discharge: Your hand is neutral and the door handle is negatively charged
...
After the discharge the car door handle and your hand have the same
charge
...
One theory suggests that when water droplets in clouds move past one
another, they become charged
...
As a result, the negatively charged water molecules collect at the bottom of a cloud
...
The overall result is a charge
imbalance between the bottom of the cloud and Earth’s surface
...
The
resulting large transfer of electrons causes the surrounding air to become superheated
...
Lightning travels along the path that most easily transfers electrons to or from the ground
...
Summary
An electric discharge is the rapid transfer of electrons from one object to another
...
Lightning is a visible and dramatic electric discharge
...
Title: Summary of Charging by Induction and Conduction
Description: Detailed notes about induction, conduction - explanatory diagrams on different apparatuses that use these properties of magnetism - i.e. laser printer, electrostatic precipitators, etc.
Description: Detailed notes about induction, conduction - explanatory diagrams on different apparatuses that use these properties of magnetism - i.e. laser printer, electrostatic precipitators, etc.