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Fitness and Health
Fitness
 Fitness is the measure of efficiency of oxygen and glucose supply to cells in the body, and the
disposing of carbon dioxide and water produced by respiration
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Factors of Fitness are:
 Suppleness/Flexibility
 Strength
 Speed
 Stamina
Respiration Word Equation
Oxygen + Glucose

carbon dioxide + water

6O2 + C6H12O2

6CO2 + 6H2O

Energy Released

Energy Released

Process of Air Entering & Exiting Lungs
1
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2
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Oxygen
particles can diffuse through the alveoli walls quickly because these are so thin
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3
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Oxygen particless pass through the walls of the alveoli into the blood
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4
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The cells
respire using the oxygen and produce carbon dioxide
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Carbon dioxide particles move from the cells across the walls of the blood vessels into the
blood
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6
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They diffuse out of the blood vessels
through the walls of the alveoli and into the lungs
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The carbon dioxide leaves your lungs in the air you breathe out
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 The fit person takes in more oxygen during each breath, and get rid of more carbon dioxide
than an unfit person
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Recognition If Person = Fit
 Their resting pulse rate is low
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 After exercise, their pulse rate quickly returns to normal
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Drug Types & According Body Affections
 Depressants: Slow down the brain, make you react less quickly, and make you feel relaxed
and sleepy
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 Hallucinogens: Make you see, fee or hear things that don’t really exist there
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 Tar is part of a cigarette and causes lung cancer as well as bronchitis
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 Smoking when pregnant reduces the oxygen supply to the fetus/unborn baby, which stops the
baby developing properly
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 Nicotine (a drug in the cigarette) contributes to the blood vessels narrowing and increasing
the blood pressure
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 Poisonous carbon monoxide gas reduces the amount of oxygen, red blood cells carry
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Alcohol & Side Effects
Side Effects of Alcohol
Short Term

Long Term

Dehydration (from producing a lot of urine)

Hepatitis (swelling of the liver)

Heat Loss

Cirrhosis of the Liver (damage to the Liver)

Slower Reactions

Cancer of the Liver, Mouth, Throat, and Oesophagus

May Cause Blurred Eyesight and slurred Speech

Brain Damage

May cause loss of balance

High BP
Stomach Ulcers
Depression
Sexual Difficulties (impotence)

Drug Test: Affection on the Body’s Reaction Time
Different Tissues in Joint (The Part of a Joint)
Cartilage – smooth tissue which reduces friction, helping the ends of the bones slide over each other
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Also acts as a shock absorber
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Synovial Membrane –produces Synovial fluid
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Made from a strong, stringy tissue that doesn’t stretch very
much
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Joint & How they Function
Hinge Joint: Two parts can move a long way in one direction
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Elbow
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Scapula and Humerus
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Pivot Joint: Two parts can turn round on each other
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Sliding Joint: Two parts move a small amount in different directions
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 Muscles consist of muscle fibre
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 They work together in antagonistic pairs to move bones
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Example of Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
 When raising the arm, the biceps contract, and the triceps relax
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