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20/01/2015
Bienhur Andemariam
Science level two
Different types of substance
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Many substances made up of different type of
atoms
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An element is each of more than
one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconvert or broken
down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter
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Example hydrogen with symbol (H), aluminium with symbol (Al) or
tin(Sn)
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Two types of chemical bonds common in
compounds are covalent bonds and ionic bonds
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Example hydrochloride acid
(HCl), water (H2O)
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The new substances produced in a reaction are the products
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Compounds can also combine with elements or other compounds to
make new compounds
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Mixtures can be quite easily split up into simpler
substances using physical processes like filtration, evaporation or
distillation
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A
mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid can be separated by filtration
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20/01/2015
Bienhur Andemariam
Science level two
M1
Elements are one type of atom
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Elements are listed in the
periodic table
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have properties different from their component elements (e
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the compound
water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure and has different

20/01/2015
Bienhur Andemariam
Science level two
chemical properties from those of the two elements, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen
(O2), from which it is formed)
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g
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g
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In addition there are 2 types of mixtures


Homogeneous Mixtures - in which the two or more substances that form the
mixture are evenly distributed throughout the mixture, e
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vinegar is a
homogeneous mixture of ethanoic acid and water
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g
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D1
An element is one type of atom and it is cannot break to smaller substances
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Example oxygen, it used for breathing without
oxygen living things wouldn’t exist
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Some
of the attractions must be overcome to melt a metal and all of them must be overcome

20/01/2015
Bienhur Andemariam
Science level two
to boil it
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A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically joined
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When the elements
are joined, the atoms lose their individual properties and have different properties
from the elements they are composed of
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The method
we use of this to separation is distillation which is the sea water is heated until it
boils and the water changes to steam but the salt remains behind
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The pure water is then directed away in
pipes to a collecting container
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A good example of a mixture is a salad
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No chemical reactions occur
between the vegetables and the dressing
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Also the second method of mixture separating an
insoluble solid from a liquid an example of such a mixture is sand and water
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20/01/2015
Bienhur Andemariam
Science level two



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