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Persian Kings timeline:
King
Time (BC)
Cyrus
Cambyses II
Gaumata
Darius I
Xerxes I

558-530
530-522
522 --522-486
486-465

Herodotus Revision
Books 6, 7, 8 and 9
...
97  5
...

Histiaios, the tyrant of Miletus, arrives in Sardis from Susa and Artaphrenes, the governor of Sardis,
asked him that he thought had caused the Ionians to revolt
...
”
Histiaios escapes (he promised King Darius that he will conquer Sardinia, a large Ionian island) with
the intention of leading the battle against Darius
...

The Ionians asked Histiaios why he had encouraged Aristagoras to revolt, and cause so much trouble
for Ionia, and in reply, he tells them that:
King Darius wanted to move the Phoenicians to Ionia and the Ionians to Phoenicia
...
)
Histiaios gets Hermippus to take a letter about the rebellion to Sardis
...
Through this, he is able to put a large number
of those involved to death, and stop the rebellion
...

Meanwhile, Histiaios commandeers the Chians to help him get back to Miletus, but when he gets
there they say a very solid no, stabbing him in the leg
...

The Chians refuse to give him a fleet, so he goes to Mytilene, the main town in Lesbos, where he
persuades the Lesbians to give him eight triremes
...


While Histiaios and the Mytileneans were in Byzantium, the Persians were planning on marching and
sailing on Miletus
...

Where from
Miletus (forming the entire Eastern wing)
Prienos
Mysia
Teosia
Chios
Erthrara
Phocia
Lesbos
Samos
Total

Number of ships
80
12
3
17
100
8
3
70
60
353

When the Persians saw the 353 Ionian ships then panicked a bit, as if they could not take Miletus
then King Darius would do a bit of the Queen of Hearts on them… “Off with their heads!”
Therefore, they had a chat with the ex-tyrants of Ionia (before Aristagoras had deposed them, telling
them to threaten each group with destructions etc
...

They do so, but the Ionians do not buy it
...

Unfortunately, he gets bossy, and starts drilling the fleet with long and arduous exercises –the
breakthrough manoeuvre and the column method) and the Ionians give up on the eighth day
...

The Chians with their 100 ships (and 40 men per ship) were pretty much the only Ionians left as “the
majority of the Ionians” left and so were slaughtered
...


However, the Ephesians who live on Mycale had not been told in advance about the Chians’
situation, and the Chians arrived in the middle of the Thesmophoria (a festival where all the women
were outside the city)
...

Dionysius becomes a pirate! In addition, he sails to Phoenicia and Sicily to rob non-Greeks
...

Phrynikos produced a play on “The Fall of Miletus” and his Athenian audience were so upset by it
that they fined him 1000 drachmas for reminding them of how helpful they were not
...

The Samians and Hippocrates capture Zancle and the Zancleans, but Scythes of Zancle, their
monarch, escaped from Inyx and went to Darius and stayed there until he died
...

Histiaios leaves Byzantium and defeats the Chians with the Lesbians and took over Chios
...
A group of 100 youths were sent in a chorus to Delphi, 98 died of a plague
...
A school of 120 boys, roof collapsed on them and 119 died
...

Histiaios is taken to Sardis and hung from a stake by Artaphrenes and Harpagos to stop him running
to Darius and getting off lightly again
...

The Persian fleet stay at Miletus for the winter (494/493) and then capture Chios, Lesbos and
Tenedos
...

They castrated all the handsome boys, making them eunuchs and stole all the beautiful virgins,
enslaved everyone else and burnt the cities and sanctuaries
...

Miltiades subplot
...
He is an Athenian aristocrat who spent several decades ruling the Thracian Chersonese

(Gallipoli) Peninsula before returning to Athens, to lead the Athenians against the Persians at
Marathon in 490
...
Meanwhile, Miltiades went to Athens
...

Mardonios is selected as a governor in Asia and goes towards Eretria and Athens, with the intention
of subjugating as many Greek cities as they could en route
...

In 491, Darius orders the Thasians who were falsely accused of planning revolt by their neighbouring
states, to have their walls destroyed and their ships turned over
...

Darius sends heralds throughout Greece to demand submission, Athens and Sparta refuse, and
Athens get into a long fight with the Aeginetans
...

In 490, they went westward from island to island, to avoid the passage around Mount Athos
...

When the Eretrians ask Athens for help, she sends 3,000 klerouchs from Chalcis, but they find
divisions among the Eretrians and pack up camp and go home
...

The Athenians marched to Marathon, led by ten generals, and among them was Miltiades who was
previously sued for tyranny in Athens but was luckily acquitted and elected as general instead
...
Philippides got to Sparta the
same day he left Athens (seems unlikely, but hey, Odysseus was swimming for 19 days)
...
How inconsiderate of
them, so they did not turn up
...

The Plataeans arrive to help Athens
...

Miltiades arranges the army in line, with more strength in the wings than in the centre, so that the
length of the Athenian line was equal to that of the Persians, but it looked triangular
...


6400 Persians died, 192 Athenians died
...

Alkmeon helped Croesus’ envoys at Delphi, so Croesus rewarded him by letting him take away as
much gold as he could carry  this is how the house of the Alkmeonids became extremely wealthy
...

Miltiades and the Athenians acquired possession of Lemnos by bashing them down until they
submitted
...

While he was arranging the expeditions against Egypt and Athens, Darius’ sons [allegedly] had an
argument over which will be the successor
...
Artobazanes was the eldest of the sons with wife #1, but Xerxes
was the eldest of wife #2
...

Demaratos chips in, he is the Spartan ex-king, and he sides with Xerxes as did Atossa (“it was Atossa
who really held all the power” as Herodotus tells us)
...

Then we have the DEBATE
...

Mardonios says yes, because he said that “Europe was a very beautiful place; that it produced all
sorts of cultivated trees, was unsurpassed in fertility, and was worthy of being possessed by the King
alone among mortals
...

Some other factors helped convince Xerxes: messages from the Aleuadai (the kings) of Thessaly
invited the King to invade Hellas with the assurance of their full support and allegiance to him
...
He was known for forging oracles and being corrupt, and was chucked
out of Athens for this
...

Xerxes was persuaded, and he first conquered Egypt then addressed the Persian nobility
...
Mardonios says that he
knows from experience that the Greeks are weak (clearly forgetting Marathon etc
...
Mardonios boasts that the Persians and their Asian
allies will easily overwhelm the Greeks easily
...
He tells Mardonios to “stop talking nonsense about the Hellenes, for they do
not deserve to be maligned”
...
This is a BIG
no-no to Herodotus’ Greek audience, huge cock up by Xerxes
...
That night he has a dream, where he is visited by a demon, who tells him to march against
Greece
...
The vision returns that night and demands once again that he march on Greece or he will
‘fall again and just as quickly’ as he rose to power
...
The god’s message is clear- they
must go to war, and Artabanos knows this
...

Xerxes orders a canal to be cut through the isthmus of Mount Athos:

Xerxes’ canal

Herodotus says the canal was dug as a display of Xerxes’ power, as the ships could have been
dragged across the isthmus, but that would have taken a LOT of effort and potentially caused
damage to the ships- also a lot slower
...
3 miles long
...
It could fit two ships side by side as shown in the
diagram
...
Xerxes refuses
to take the offered money and instead gives Pythios the 7000 so he has a full 4,000,000
...

Xerxes prepares to march to Abydos; meanwhile bridges are being built across the Hellespont
...
Here, they nailed Artayktes a Persian governor of Sestos to a plant because
he brought women into the sanctuary of Protesilaos at Elaious
...

They yoked the Hellespont, and when a storm broke up the two bridges, Xerxes ordered the
Hellespont to be whipped into submission and manacles be dropped into it in a slightly mad display
of dominance
...
Xerxes points out that he is going, as is his
family, so there is no reason why Phythios’ family should be an exception
...


They drink the Scamander River dry as they march by
...

Artabanos and Xerxes have a deep and meaningful conversation about how short and cruel life is
...

Xerxes thinks huge risk = success
...

At Doriskos, the Persians count their troops, and Herodotus describes the army, where they come
from
...
The Cavalry alone number 80,000
...

Artemisia is introduced, in the oxford edition; her courage is described as being “manly”
...
His response:

“In Hellas, poverty is always and forever a native resident, while
excellence is something acquired through intelligence and the force of
strict law, it is through the exercise of this excellence that Hellas wards
off both poverty and despotism
...
And you need not ask as to their number in order
to consider how they could possibly do this, for if there are 1000 of them
marching out, they will; fight you, and if they number more or less than
that – it makes no difference – they will fight you all the same
...
This is just about the same
as what the Queen says in Aeschylus’: “Who leads them and is sole commander of the army?”
Xerxes then shows off his math skills, saying, “Even if there are 5000 of them, we will outnumber
them by more than 1000 to one”
...

“Although they are free, they are not free in all respects, for they are actually ruled by a lord and
master: law is their master, and it is the law that they inwardly fear – much more so than your men
fear you
...

The route of the army takes them by various Thracian lakes, rivers, and cities
...

Xerxes marches along Mount Pangaion with its gold and silver mines
...

Xerxes marched into Calcidice, compelling the local men to join his own forces
...

When Xerxes was in Akanthos, Artachaias, the man in charge of building the canal died of an illness
...

The army advances westward in three parallel columns, each with its own set route and
commanders
...
They proceed through the Thermaic Gulf, anchoring of Therme, as the army
marches through Chalcidice
...

The army reach Therme, joining up with the fleet
...

The list of all the Greek cities that gave earth and water to Xerxes:











Thessalians
Dolopians
Ainianes
Perraibians
Locrians
Magnesians
Malians
Achaeans of Phthiotis
Thebans
Boeotians except the Thespians and Plataeans

Xerxes did not bother sending requests for earth and water to Athens and Sparta, because the
messengers sent by Darius to Athens and Sparta before Marathon were thrown in wells
...
” The Spartans are
sent home
...
The second oracle said that safety lay behind ‘wooden walls’
...

The Greeks opposing the Persians send spies to Asia and envoys to other Greeks to invite them to
join the defence of Greece
...
Xerxes also permitted grain
ships to sail through the Hellespont to his Greek enemies as he assumed they would just walk into
Greece and would have lunch ready made
...
He helps them by giving them 200 triremes, 20,000
hoplites, 2000 cavalry, 2000 archers, 2000 slingers, and 2000 lightly armed troops on ONE
condition
...
Syagros the
Spartan general refuses this, saying Sparta must lead the Greeks
...


Gelon then sulks and goes off, refusing to help them and gets a servant, Kadmos to Delphi with a lot
of money to give to the Persians along with earth and water on behalf of the Sicilians and to make
friends with them if the Greeks lose, but to come back with the money if they won
...

The same envoys that went to Sicily then went to Corcyra who manned 60 ships but then parked
them on the Peloponnesian coast to observe which way the battle would swing, inventing a suitable
story for their lack of involvement for either outcome
...
Therefore, help
from the Cretans is not given
...
They then, led by Themistocles, deserted again after a few days on advice by Alexandros
son of Amyntas, a Macedonian
...

The Greeks then decided to defend Thermopylae
...
The ship from
Troizen was pursued and captured
...
The treat a particularly
brave Greek, Pytheas, on an Aeginan ship well, honouring him and saving his life, but they treat his
comrades as slaves
...
The total
number of Persian men in land and sea armies is 2,317,610
...
Then if you include the
supporting troops, the total comes to 5,283,220
...
The Athenians contributed this to Boreas, a god
...
The Greeks sent
them away to the Isthmus of Corinth in bonds
...
They find the rivers in Thessaly are unable to sustain
the army’s thirst
...


The Greeks who were to fight the Persians at Thermopylae consisted of:










300 Spartan hoplites
1000 Tegean and Mantineian men
120 from Orchomenos in Arcadia
1000 from the rest of Arcadia
400 hoplites from Corinth
200 hoplites from Phleious
80 Myceneans
From Boeotia there were 700 Thespians and 400 Thebans
...

He brought the Thebans with him because they were accused of medising
...

Xerxes sends a scout to spy on the Greek forces- sees the Spartans exercising naked outside their
camp and combing their hair
...

Xerxes waits four days for the Greeks to withdraw, then, when it becomes obvious they are not
planning to do so, he attacks
...
”
The Medes retreat after a day of fighting and severe losses, Xerxes sends in the Persians and they
too are slaughtered by the Greeks
...

Ephialtes then turns up! He reveals a path over the mountain by which the Persians can outflank the
Hellenes
...

The Persians take the path the next day, and kill the Phocians along the way, brushing them aside
...
Leonidas tells anyone who
wants to depart to do so, but remains with his Spartans, spurred by the prospect of fame and an
oracle that said Sparta would be saved if a Spartan King were to die
...

The Spartiates and their remaining allies were all killed, but took down 300 of the Persians with
them, including two sons of Darius
...

Xerxes then questions Demaratos, asking for advice on how to overcome the Spartans
...
Demaratos sends a
message scratched onto the wood of a wax tablet, with melted wax on it, and Gorgo, daughter of
Kleomenes discovers and interprets it
...


The allies insisted that a Spartan must lead them against the Persians, Eurybiades son of Eurykleides
...
The Athenians only yielded
to this minor insult “because the considered the survival of Hellas of paramount importance, and
they knew if they quarrelled over the leadership, Hellas would be destroyed”
...

When the Greeks got to Aphetai, they saw the huge number of ships and troops and they
“deliberated about fleeing from Artemision back toward mainland Hellas”
...
Themistocles then gave five of these talents to Eurybiades,
pretending it was his own money, to persuade him to stay
...
Themistocles sent three
talents of silver to his ship
...

So they stayed at Euboea and fought a battle at sea at Artemision (480BC)
...


The Battle of Artemision
The Persians sent 200 ships from the fleet around Skiathos to the top of Artemision to catch any
fleeing Greeks
...

When Xerxes’ men saw the few Greek ships sailing towards them they assumed they had gone
utterly mad
...

At a signal, the surrounded Greeks turned their prows outwards and they fought, and took many of
the Persians
...

They then all sailed back to their own camps
...


The Persians who were not killed at battle were killed by the storm
...
Is he supporting religion here?
53 ships from Attica arrive to help the cause
...


After three days, the Persians attack, coincidentally at the same time as Thermopylae
...

At Artemision, the Egyptians fought best out of the Persians and the Athenians fought best out of
the Greeks
...

Around 100 Greek ships were destroyed whereas around 200 Persian ships were destroyed
...

Themistocles perceived that if the Ionians and the Carians could be detached from the barbarian
forces, the Greeks might win
...
However, because the Euboeans
ignored an oracle, they will suffer
...

Learning of the Greek withdrawal, the Persians advance to Histiaia and overrun its coastal territory
...
Xerxes had previously had 21,000 of the 22,000 dead
Persians hidden in a burial trench, only displaying 1000 of the corpses, to make the victory look more
solidly Persian against the 4000 dead Spartans and other Greeks
...

“Good grief, Mardonios, what kind of men did you lead us here to fight, who compete not for
money but for excellence alone?”
The Thessalians demand 50 talents of silver from the Phocians to compensate for the previous
defeats in battles they had in the past, and as bribery for protection against the Persians, as the
Thessalians medised while the Phocians did not
...
In reality, their hatred for the
Thessalians is what defines their political stance, not their apparent loyalty to the Greeks
...
The Persians destroy twelve Phocian
towns, plunder, and burn the temple at Abai and kill some Phocian women by multiple rapes
...

The frightened Deliphians consulted an oracle, which told them to leave the property of Delphi
where it was, and so they did that and then made their escape, leaving only sixty men, and a
prophet in the city
...


1
...

3
...


The Sacred Arms move outside the temple from the inner shrine
Thunderbolts struck the invaders
To peaks broke away from Mt
...


The Greeks left Artemision and went to Salamis
...
This month, the priestess announced it was not consumed which clearly meant the
goddess had deserted the city
...

The ships at Salamis were commanded by Eurybiades son of Eurykleides, the same leader from
Artemision
...

When they got to the Acropolis, they found a few Athenians who had built a wooden wall around it
and believed that was the true meaning of the wooden walls
...
Xerxes then got some exiled
Athenians to climb up to the burnt Acropolis and sacrifice according to tradition
...


The exiles on the Acropolis found a new shoot sprung from the burnt sacred olive tree, which was
already about 1 ½ feet tall
...

An Athenian, called Mnesipholis told Themistocles that if he lets the Greeks flee then Greece would
be taken by the Persians, and gets him to “somehow persuade Eurybiades to change his mind”
...

Adeimantos starts with “Themistocles, in the games, those who start off before the signal are beaten
with a stick” and Themistocles says “Yes, but those left behind are never crowned with the victor’s
wreath”
...

However, Themistocles proposes that if they fight in the narrow strait at Salamis, they are far more
likely to win and a victory at Salamis will stop the Persian advance
...
At this, Themistocles got angry and threatened to leave with the rest of the
population of Athens, and set up camp in Italy instead
...

The next morning an earthquake occurred on lands and sea and they took that to mean a god was
intervening
...

Dikaios tells Demaratos “there is no way that great disaster will not befall the army of the King”
...
Thus they realised that Xerxes’ fleet would be destroyed”
...

When all the Persian naval forces are concentrated at Athens, Xerxes visits to talk to the Sailors,
using Mardonios as a messenger
...

Artemisia advises Xerxes not to risk battle at sea but to hold his present conquests and wait it out
...
She also points out that Xerxes’ allies at sea are of no use
...


The Persians sail to Salamis
...

The Greeks meanwhile are still arguing about whether to leave or not, having not looked out the
window
...
Themistocles
tells Aristeides about his cunning plan, and how he is pleased that it worked so well
...

The generals do not believe Aristeides
...

The Greeks hold an assembly, and Themistocles addresses them and they prepare to fight
...
It was in that manner that the battle started
...

The Persians are disorganised but fight bravely out of fear of Xerxes who is watching the battle from
a hill
...
Xerxes praises her, also fooled, and remarks how his women have become
like men, and his men, women
...

The Phoenicians go to Xerxes, accusing the Ionians of treason, but he saw a heroic Samothracian
ship defeat its foes, and instead condemns the Phoenicians
...

Aristeides lands soldiers on Psyttaleia, who kill all the Persians hiding there
...

All are deceived except Mardonios, who knew how Xerxes’ mind worked
...

While the Persians in Susa are celebrating the capture of Athens, they are confounded by the news
of the battle of Salamis
...
He then
offers to go and take the Greeks down by land with 300,000 of the land army, as he fears a rebuking
for his earlier insistence on taking Greece
...
She tells him to let Mardonios do it- if he
loses, he loses, but if he wins, Xerxes wins
...

The Priestess of Athena from Pedasa grows a beard to warn of coming troubles
...

Xerxes leaves Mardonios to his own devices and gets his navy to sail to the Hellespont to guard the
bridges
...
Eurybiades however thinks it is best to allow
the Persians a way out of Greece, as it is dangerous to trap a tiger in a cage, as it will get angry and
more dangerous than before
...

Themistocles orders the Athenians to let the Persians go, but he does this to give a greater chance of
Persian friendliness should he ever need it
...

Themistocles threatens islands and gets money from them, unknown to the other generals
...

The Spartans send a herald to Xerxes demanding compensation for his slaying and beheading of
Leonidas
...

Xerxes leaves Mardonios and goes to the Hellespont, many soldiers die along the way from
starvation and disease
...

The army crosses the Hellespont in boats as the bridges were broken by a storm
...

The god at Delphi demands the victor’s prize from the Aeginetans
...

Themistocles is awarded a crown of olive, a fine chariot, and an escort by the Knights of the
country
...
He captures Olynthos and gives possession of it to the Chalcidians
...
Tsunami? Herodotus agrees this is punishment for the destruction for a nearby
temple of Poseidon
...

Mardonios, wintering in Thessaly, sends a messenger to visit the oracle shrines at Thebes, Lebadeia,
and Abai and hires a non-Theban to sleep at the Amphiareion as no Thebans are allowed to consult
the oracles there
...
Mardonios sends Alexandros of Macedon to Athens to try to persuade the Athenians to
abandon the other Greeks and ally with the Persians
...
They offer to feed and sustain the
Athenians until the war ended
...

They have clearly forgotten about this by the time of the Peace of Callias in 449BC
...

The Thebans advise Mardonios to stay in Thebes and try to divide the Greeks by bribing them
...

Mardonios sends the same offer to the Athenians again, ever hopeful
...
Shows how united the
Athenians are and how patriotic they are
...

When the messengers got to Sparta, they were finishing off the wall at the isthmus and having a
festival
...

The Spartans continue to delay, working on the isthmus further
...
They send their army north very quickly under the command of
Pausanias, Leonidas’ nephew, cousin and guardian to Pleistarchos the king, who was still a boy
...

Mardonios burns and demolishes Athens before retreating to Boeotia, and sends a force to Megara
to catch the 1000 Spartans
...

When the Phocians prepare to defend themselves, the charging cavalry about turns and legs it!
There is no explanation why
...

The Spartanses and Peloponnesians march north to Eleusis, where they are joined by the Athenians
...
The horsemen rode out against the
Greeks and charged at them one regiment after another, damaging the soldiers and insulting them
by calling them women
...

The Megarians were in the most vulnerable position of the entire battlefield and so they received
the brunt of the assaults
...
Pausanias asks for volunteers and none of them are
stupid enough to say yes so Pausanias volunteers the Athenians
...

Masistios’ horse is injured by an arrow and they kill Masistos and stole his horse
...

Then the Persians and Athenians struggle for his body, and Athenians get help from the other parts
of the Greek army
...


The Greeks are motivated by their victory and move from Erythrai to Plataea where there is more
water
...
They
both justified their argument by citing both recent and ancient deeds
...
The
order and number of troops is on the following page
...


Aeginetans – 500
Palees from Cephallania – 200
Leucadians and Anactorians – 800

Sakai

Ambraciots – 500
Chalcidians – 400
Eretrians and Sytrians – 600

Indians

Hermioneans – 300
Phleiasians – 1000
Tirynians and Mycenaeans – 400
Lepreons – 200

Baktrians

Troizians – 1000
Epidaurians – 800
Men from Sicyon – 3000
Arcadians – 600

Medes

Corinthians – 5000 + 300 Potidaeans
from Pallene sent by Pausanias
Tegans – 1500
Lacedaemonians – 10,000 (including 5000
Spartans with 35,000 helots guarding them7 helots around each Spartan)
Right

Persians

State
Athenians
Plataeans
Megarians
Aeginetans
Cephallanians
Leucadians and Anactorians
Ambraciots
Chalidians
Eretrians and Sytrains
Hermioneans
Phleiasians
Tirynians and Mycenaeans
Lepreums
Troizians
Epidaurians
Sicyonians
Arcadians
Corinthians + Potidaeans from Pallene
Tegans
Lacedaemonians
Spartans
Total

Soldiers
8000
600
3000
500
200
800
500
400
600
300
1000
400
200
1000
800
3000
600
5300
1500
5000
5000
38700

Helots

The full force of the hoplites and
helots was 108,200 but then the
Thespians arrived, although they
were not wearing armour, and
they made the total 110,000
...


Herodotus thinks the total number of Persians is 300,000 with about 50,000 medised Greeks
...
The Greek chief sacrifice and seer
was Teisamenos son of Antiochos, who was an honorary Spartan, granted citizenship with his
brother by bribing the Spartans with the prophesy that he would win five military conquests
...
His interpreter is Hegesistratos
of Elis
...

Mardonios sends some cavalry to intercept the supply trains coming over the Cithaeron pass
...

Mardonios gets bored and decides to attack the Greeks the next day before their army gets even
bigger
...

He asks that the Greeks, if they are successful, will liberate Macedon from Persian rule in exchange
for his information
...
The
Spartans wholeheartedly agree with this
...

Mardonios sends a message to the Spartans, telling them they are pussies, and challenging them to a
fight of equal numbers- Spartans against the same number of Persians
...


This incites the Greeks to do something, and they decide to move the army to an ‘island’ nearby,
which is really a strip of land between two rivers
...
However, most of the Greeks go to Plataea instead, taking
refuge in a sanctuary of Hera just outside Plataea
...

Amompharetos, the Spartan commander, however, refused to move
...
Pausanias and Euryanax were
infuriated at his disobedience but were even more annoyed at the fact they would have to leave his
group behind to be killed by the Persians because of his stubbornness
...
He followed them a short while later, and finds them waiting not far
away
...

Mardonios mocks the Spartans for retreating and orders an immediate pursuit of them:
“They must be pursued until they are overtaken and made to pay the penalty for all that they have
inflicted on the Persians
...
The Lacedaemonians and Athenians with
Pausanias look at each other slightly despairingly but acknowledge that they need reinforcements,
so send a messenger to the rest of the Athenians asking for assistance as they now realise they have
been abandoned by the allies
...

The Tegans prayed and the Lacedaemonians made sacrifices, which finally yielded favourable
omens
...

This is linkable to the Queen in ‘Persians’ who asks “but how do they fight without one leader?”
Artabazos stalks off as he had been ignored by Mardonios, and had disagreed with the King’s
decision of putting him in charge and leaves with “up to 40,000 men”
...
Only 91
Spartans, 16 Tegans, and 52 Athenians died in this rampage
...
To add insult to injury, he was the most handsome of the Greeks there!
A woman of Cos deserts the Persians and goes to Pausanias as a refugee, he knows her dad and
promises to treat her well, sending her to Aegina as she wanted
...

Lampon of Aegina advises Pausanias to take revenge for the Persians’ ill-treatment of Leonidas’ body
by impaling the corpse of Mardonios
...
Leonidas and the other Greeks who died at Thermopylae had received
their vengeance by the huge number of Persians killed at Plataea
...
The categories are:







Gold
Silver
Women
Horses
Camels
Other goods

Pausanias does the picnic thing! He compares a Spartan lunch to a Persian lunch and wonders why
the Persians would want to deprive the Greeks of their poverty
...

The Spartans buried their men in three chambers according to class:
1
...
Spartiates
3
...

The Greeks march to Thebes and demand they hand over their pro-Persian leaders, and after
nineteen days of sieging, the Theban leaders say they will give themselves up to the Hellenes for
trial
...

Artabazos gets to Asia and conceals the outcome of the battle, fearing attack if Mardonios’ defeat
was known
...
They go to the Spartans, and Leotychidas (banished from
Sparta in 491) agrees to go
...


Delos

Sardis
Samos

Mycale

The Greeks decide to go and land on Mycale too
...
The rumour of victory at Plataea encourages the Greeks at Mycale; Herodotus
puts the speediness of the rumour passing down to divine intervention
...
Meanwhile, the
Athenians decide to just get the Ionian Islanders accepted as allies of the Hellenes rather than just
moving the Ionians (because then someone else would have to move to accommodate them, and
they really could not be bothered putting the time towards such a logistical feat)
...
He arranges a
marriage between his son and Masistes’ daughter, but then, at Susa, forgets the mother and woos
and wins the daughter
...

One day his wife Amastris made him a beautiful robe, and his was wearing it when he went to see
Artaynte
...
He HAS to give it to her, as she will not change her mind
...

Masistes flees with his sons to raise a revolt in Baktria but Xerxes sends an army to kill him on his
way there
...
Very relevant to everything

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