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Title: staphylococci
Description: all details you need to know about staphylococci diseases characteristics laboratory diagnosis treatments
Description: all details you need to know about staphylococci diseases characteristics laboratory diagnosis treatments
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Staphylococci
1
...
Aureus
:
● Characteristics
:
i
...
ii
...
35 c
iii
...
iv
...
v
...
● Virulence factors
:
● Structural
:
a
...
b
...
c
...
Aureus
can cause
septic shock without having endotoxins
...
Fibronectin binding protein :
enables the bacteria to bind
to the fibronectin of the endocardium of the heart volves,
(the only cause of acute endocarditis)
● Toxins
:
a
...
Enterotoxineat stable, acid resistant, that cause
,
h
release of large amounts of IL‐1 and IL‐2 from
macrophages and helper T cells, respectively, this
stimulates enteric neurons to stimulate the vomiting
center in the brain
...
TSST‐1
, causes toxic shock syndrome, only 20 % of
staph
...
TSST is a
superantigen and causes toxic shock by stimulating
the release of large amounts of IL‐1, IL‐2, and TNF,
antibodies against TSST are found
...
Exfoliatin
, cause separation of the skin at stratum
granulosum, causing
scalded skin syndrome impetigo
and
...
Leukocidins toxins
, are two:
i
...
ii
...
● Enzymes
:
a
...
b
...
2O
c
...
d
...
bound
"clumping factor," facilitate binding to
surfaces and cause clumps in plasma
...
releasable
, induce formation of plasma clot that
forms a protective wall around the bacterium
inhibiting leukocytes migration, by activating
prothrombin to thrombin, which activate fibrinogen
to fibrin
...
Fibrinolysin staphylokinase
, AKA
, breaks blood clots
...
Pyogenic diseases
:
● Conjunctivitis
typically presents with unilateral burning eye
pain, hyperemia of the conjunctiva, and a purulent
discharge
...
● Sepsis
, with clinical features that of gram ‐ve rods
...
● Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis
(old individuals and children)
may arise either by hematogenous spread from a distant
infected focus or be introduced locally at a wound site,
the most
common cause of septic arthritis in adults is S
...
● Postsurgical wound infections
are an important cause of
morbidity and mortality in hospitals
...
aureus is the most
common cause
...
often leads to
empyema or lung abscess
...
● Stye
"infection of sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelash"
and
Blepharitis
"inflammation of the eyelid margins"
● Impetigo "honey like crusty lesions of the skin"
● Paronychia "inflammation of the finger nails"
● Mastitis and breast abscess
...
● Metastatic abscess
, in any organ can cause an abscess if the
organism reaches bloodstream
...
Toxin mediated diseases
:
● Toxic shock syndrome
: fever, lethargy, muscle pain,
sunburn‐like rash, sore throat, hypotension and ends by
desquamation of the skin,
no bacteremia
, this often associated
with
a
...
nasal packing
...
a
...
Immunocompromised adults
...
Children below 5 y
...
Specimen collection
:
● Depending on site of infection, e
...
ii
...
Aureus is thick, creamy and yellowish
...
Direct microscopy
:
● Gram +ve cocci in clusters
...
Culture
:
● If specimen is from sterile site :
a
...
● If specimen is taken from non sterile site :
a
...
b
...
v
...
Management for
:
● TSS
:
a
...
aggressive fluid resuscitation
c
...
g
...
● Enterogastritis :
a
...
b
...
c
...
ii
...
Aureus are resistant to penicillin as they have beta
lactamase enzyme
...
Some are methicillin "penicillinase resistant penicillin" resistant,
AKA RSA,
M
due to changing in the penicillin binding protein "PBP"
...
Thus vancomycin is the drug of choice
...
If there is resistance to vancomycin we can use linezolid or synercid
...
Staph
...
● Diseases
:
i
...
epidermidis
:
● Causes Pyogenic infection around prosthetic devices (e
...
● It cause
subacute endocarditis
, arthritis , osteomyelitis
...
Staph
...
● Usually the infection occur within 24 h after sexual
intercourse
...
Specimen collection:
● Depending on site of infection
...
Direct microscopy
:
● Gram +ve cocci in clusters
...
Culture :
● Blood agar : nonhemolytic white colonies
...
Biochemical tests :
● Catalase test : +ve
● Coagulase test : ‐ve
● DNase test : ‐ve
● novobiocin sensitivity : +ve, staph saprophyticus is resistant
...
Removal of the prosthetic device
...
Treatment with vancomycin
Title: staphylococci
Description: all details you need to know about staphylococci diseases characteristics laboratory diagnosis treatments
Description: all details you need to know about staphylococci diseases characteristics laboratory diagnosis treatments