Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Microbe Death, Drugs, and Immunity
Description: Control of Microbial Growth, Animicrobial Drugs, and Immunity
Description: Control of Microbial Growth, Animicrobial Drugs, and Immunity
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Microbiology Test Review #2
Chapter 7: Control of Microbial Growth
● 3 levels of control
○ Sanitization washing away dirt
○ Disinfection/ Antisepsis cleaning inanimate objects
○ Sterilization completely free of microbes
● Goal of control is
Selective Toxicity
● Microbial death permanent loss of reproductive capability even under optimum
conditions
● TDP thermal death point
○ temp at which all organisms will be killed in 10 min
● TDT thermal death time
○ how long it will take to kill everything at a temperature that you choose
● autoclave
○ 121 degrees C and 15 PSI
○ Quality Control: A Tests, autoclave tape, Spore strips
● Radiation
○ ionizing crosses a barrier, breaks DNA
■ XRays
○ non ionizing cannot pass through barrier, creates abnormal bonds
■ UV light
● Chemical control
○ halogens, chlorine, iodine= the most popular purchased in US, Betadine,
Fluorine
○ Formalin made from formaldehyde 37% in water
■ tissue preservative
○ Phenolics are toxic to the CNS
■ mushy brain
● Some bugs are easier to kills than others
○ Group A Strep is the easiest
○ Prions are the hardest things to kill
○ Anything with a spore is harder to kill
Chapter 20: Antimicrobial Drugs
● Bacteremia define
● Septicemia define
● MIC minimal inhibitory concentration
● MBC minimal bactericidal concentration
● Flemming who he was and what he did
● broad spectrum
●
●
●
●
○ Effective on large amounts of bugs
narrow spectrum
○ effective on specific drugs
Superinfection
○ killed off all normal flora, and now the body can not fight the infection
TI
○ Therapeutic Index
○ how risky an antibiotic is for the patient
○ toxic dose/ MIC= TI
■ lower # = more dangerous
■ higher # = safer
terminology
Chapters 16 & 17: Immunity
● immune system
○ cells and tissues that helps protect the body
■ 1st line innate and nonspecific
● ciliary escalator
■ 2nd line inflammation, phagocytosis, fever, and
● WBC
● Monocytes cellular housekeepers
● Lymphocytes
● Neutrophils
● Eosinophils
● Basophils
■ Most neutrophils and lymphocytes in CBC
■ Eosinophils= allergies and parasites
● Lymphatic system muscle contraction is the pump, moves lymph
towards the heart
○ edema swelling
○ Lymph water, protein, fats, debris
■ will not find RBC
● 2 primary organs in immunity
○ bone marrow, thymus
● Spleen removes old dead RBC, pathogens, accumulations of debris
○ enlarge spleen is because of large inflammation
○ adults can function without a spleen
○ asplenic children are very immunologically compromised because they can not
filter blood
● lymph nodes
○ axillary armpit
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
○ inguinal groin
○ cervical neck
○ swollen if infection present
4 ALT
○ MALT Mucosa
○ SALT Salt
○ GALT Gut
○ BALT Bronchial
Inflammation
○ Rubor redness
○ Palor heat
○ Tumor swelling
○ Dolor loss of function/ pain
Diapedesis
○ neutrophils migrate from the bloodstream to the infection
Histiocyte
○ lung aveolar cells
○ liver cypher cells
○ langerhans in skin
Phagocytosis
○ Macrophages
○ Attracted to target cell
○ Gobbles up
○ phagolysosome
○ Lysosome kills and digests
○ Waste removal
Complement fixation destroy a cell membrane of an invader (cascade reaction)
3rd line
○ not innate
○ acquired/ adaptive
○ specific
○ Humoral response
■ B lymphocytes
● manufactured and mature in bone marrow
● end product= immunoglobulins
● IgM first released
● IgG crosses placenta
● IgA secreted chemical barrier
● IgE responsible for allergies
● Hypogammaglobulinemia
■ T cells
● cell mediated immunity
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
manufactured in bone marrow
mature in thymus
start in stem cells
end product= more T Cells and Chemicals
Chemical media or cytokines
○ tell brain what more to make
TC
Th helper cells
TREG tells body to stop
Disorder DiGeorge Syndrome
MHC +HLA work together to recognize self
Primary response
○ 1014 days
MHC + HLA work together to recognize self
Primary response
○ 1014 days
○ doesn’t last long
Secondary Response
○ 24 days
○ anamnestic response
○ memory cells
○ lasts a long time
SCID
Vaccines
○ attenuated weakened bacteria
○ killed
○ Jenner responsible for smallpox vaccine
Natural immunity no medical intervention
○ Active Make your own
○ Passive breast milk
Artificial immunity medical intervention
○ Active vaccine
○ Passive Transfusion
Title: Microbe Death, Drugs, and Immunity
Description: Control of Microbial Growth, Animicrobial Drugs, and Immunity
Description: Control of Microbial Growth, Animicrobial Drugs, and Immunity