Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: The Solution Process
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 12: Solutions; Section 2: The Solution Process
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 12: Solutions; Section 2: The Solution Process
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
The Solution Process
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
I you have ever tried to dissolve sugar in iced tea; you know that temperature has something to do with how quickly a
solute dissolves
...
The same is true for any solid
solute in a liquid solvent: molecules or ions of the solute are attracted by the solvent
...
Crushing sugar that is in cubes or large crystals increases its surface area
...
Agitating a Solution
Very close to the surface of a solute, the concentration of dissolved solute is high
...
Thus, the effect of stirring is similar to
that of crushing a solid—contact between the solvent and the solute surface is increased
...
Therefore, at higher temperatures, collisions between the solvent molecules and the solute are more frequent and are of
higher energy that at lower temperatures
...
Solubility
For every combination of solvent with a solid solute at a given temperature, there is a limit to the amount of solute that
can be dissolved
...
When solid sugar is first added to water, sugar molecules leave the solid surface and move about at random in the solvent
...
As more solid dissolves
and the concentration of dissolved molecules increases, these collisions become more frequent
...
Ionic solids behave similarly
...
Saturated Versus Unsaturated Solutions
A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute is described as a saturated solution
...
If more water is
added to the saturated solution, then more sodium acetate will dissolve in it
...
Supersaturated Solutions
When a saturated solution of a solute whose solubility increases with temperature is cooled, the excess solute usually
comes out of solution, leaving the solution saturated at the lower temperature
...
A supersaturated
solution is a solution that contains more dissolved solute that a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
...
Solubility Values
The solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance required from a saturated solution with a specific amount of
solvent at a specified temperature
...
G of water at 20
...
The
temperature must be specified because solubility varies with temperature
...
The rate at which a solid dissolves is unrelated to its solubility at that temperature
...
Title: The Solution Process
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 12: Solutions; Section 2: The Solution Process
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 12: Solutions; Section 2: The Solution Process