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Title: The Reproductive System
Description: These notes are based off the Miller and Levine BIOLOGY textbooks. This powerpoint includes sexual development (puberty) in males and females, information and diagrams on both male and female reproductive organs, details on the relationship between hormones and both reproductive systems, and covers each phase of the menstrual cycle and the hormones involved with it.
Description: These notes are based off the Miller and Levine BIOLOGY textbooks. This powerpoint includes sexual development (puberty) in males and females, information and diagrams on both male and female reproductive organs, details on the relationship between hormones and both reproductive systems, and covers each phase of the menstrual cycle and the hormones involved with it.
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8/6/2015
Miller and Levine, BIOLOGY
...
991‐993
...
Do you think the reproductive system
is the most important in the body?
Why?
Genesis 1:28
• God blessed them and said to them, “Be
fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth
and subdue it
...
”
1
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Sexual Development
• Why male and female have a different sex
development? When does it is started?
Because of a “sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone)”
and steroid hormones; the differentiation of human sexual
development has started from the development of 7th
week embryo
Testosterone
Hormone
The male pattern of development is
triggered by the production of
testosterone in the gonads of
the embryo
2
8/6/2015
Estrogen Hormone
The female pattern of development
is triggered by the production of
estrogen in the gonads of the
embryo
Adolescence
• Puberty
• Burst of hormones activate maturation of the
gonads: testes
• Begins: 9 – 15 yrs of age
3
8/6/2015
Puberty is a period of rapid growth and sexual
maturation during which the reproductive
maturation during which the reproductive
system becomes fully functional
Puberty actually begins in the brain – hypothalamus signals the
pituitary to produce two hormones (Follicle Stimulating
Hormone /FSH and Luteinizing Hormone /LH)
Pituitary produces two hormones that
affect gonads (sex cells): FSH and LH
4
8/6/2015
General Physical Changes
• Enlargement of the external and internal
genitalia
• Voice changes
• Hair growth
• Mental changes
g
y
• Changes in body conformation and skin
• Sebaceous gland secretions thicken/increase
acne
Puberty Changes in Male and Female
5
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MALE PHYSICAL CHANGES
FEMALE
PHYSICAL
CHANGES
6
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-Male-
Miller and Levine, BIOLOGY
...
991‐993
...
External Genitalia
1
...
Penis = the male organ used in
sexual intercourse
7
8/6/2015
Internal Genitalia
1
...
Accessory glands:
a) Seminal vesicles
b) Prostate gland
c) Bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s glands
Where does sperm production takes
place?
• In the “TESTES”, which are packed in the
scrotum
...
Epididymis = is a coiled tube within the
scrotum in which the sperm complete their
scrotum in which the sperm complete their
maturation
2
...
Urethra i t b i th
3 U th = is tube in the penis that transports
i th t t
t
sperm out of the male’s body
Look at the diagram
Male Reproductive Organ
10
8/6/2015
Remember it !
Fluids that help transport sperm
produced by several glands, which are:
1
...
3
...
It secretes a mucouslike and yellowish viscous fluid
y
y
(sugar fructose rich to provides energy for the sperm cells) into the
vas deferens
Prostate gland = is a single, doughnut‐shaped structure that lies
below the urinary bladder and surounds the top portion of the
urethra
...
It secretes a
B lb
th l l d
l t db
th th
t t It
t
clear, sticky, alkaline fluid that protects sperm by neutralizing the
acidic environment of the vagina and lubricating the urethra lumen
...
• The process that results in the discharge of semen is
called ejaculation
...
Human semen in a petridish
Source: wikipedia
...
p
yp
• Puberty refers to the time when secondary
sex characteristics begin to develop so that
sexual maturity and the potential for sexual
reproduction are reached
...
12
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What is the relation between hormones
and the male reproductive system?
• Look at the FSH and LH releasing hormones
diagram
• Testosterone is the steroid hormone responsible
for the growth and development of secondary sex
characteristics in a male; which are growth and
maintenance of male sex organs; the production
of sperm; an increase in body hair (especially on
the face, under the arms and legs); and
deepening of the voice
...
P
...
Pearson, USA
...
To produce egg cell (female gamete) or
1 T
d
ll (f
l
t )
ova (singular:ovum) and
2
...
• Ovary = to produce ovum (egg cell), there are
2 ovaries, the size and shape is like an almond,
located on each side of the lower part of the
abdomen
...
Define it using
tube uterus cervix and vagina Define it using
your own words in your notebook!
• Each ovary contains as many as 400
...
• Female’s ovaries release only ± 400 mature eggs
in her lifetime
...
Outer layer of
connective tissue
2
...
A thin, inner
3 A thin inner
lining or
endometrium
Hormones and Female Puberty
4
8/10/2015
Secondary Sexual Characteristics of a
Human Female:
• Maturation of the ovaries, and enlargement of the
vagina and uterus
vagina and uterus
• Development of the breasts
• Widening of the pelvis
• Deposition of fat under the skin of the buttocks
and thighs
and thighs
• Monthly ovulation and menstruation
• Changes in behavior associated with a sex drive
Estrogen is the steroid hormone that responsible for
the secondary sex characteristics of females
Production of eggs
5
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How eggs are released?
• It is happen once a month (begin at puberty)
• Each egg cell completes meiosis I and begins
meiosis II
• During meiosis II, one of the egg cells ruptures
(ovulation) from the ovary and passes into
oviduct
• Usually only one follicle matures and releases
an egg each month
...
Develop an arrow flowcharts or concept
1 D l
fl
h
maps that trace the path of sperm from the
testes through the reproductive system to
outside the body
...
Develop an arrow flowcharts or concept
Develop an arrow flowcharts or concept
maps that trace the path of egg cell from the
ovary through the reproductive system to
outside the body
...
• Menstrual cycle includes producing an egg and preparing the uterus
for receiving it
...
• The menstrual cycle begins during puberty and continues for 30‐40
years until Menopause (the production of female hormones are
decline, and cause to stop ovulation and menstruation permanently)
...
7
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The phases in
menstrual cycle:
1
...
Ovulation or fertile
2 O l ti
f til
Phase
3
...
Menstruation or
Flow Phase
8
8/10/2015
1
...
Ovulation
• Just before the ovulation, estrogen levels peak
stimulating a sudden and sharp increase in release of
stimulating a sudden and sharp increase in release of
LH&FSH
• The mature follicle is become rupture (ovulation)
because of the sharp increase in LH&FSH, and then
release the egg into oviduct (Fallopian tube)
...
5oC
• The cells of cervix produce large amounts of mucus
• Occurs at about day 14
9
8/10/2015
3
...
g
If the egg cell is fertilized:
The endometrium begins secreting a fluid rich in
nutrients for the zygote
...
Flow Phase or Menstruation
• At the start of the new follicular phase, low estrogen levels caused
the lining of the uterus to detach from the uterine wall, such as the
the lining of the uterus to detach from the uterine wall such as the
sheeding of blood, tissue fluid, mucus, epithelial cells, and
unfertilized egg cell)
• Flow passes the uterus, cervix, vagina, and release to the outside of
the body
...
Tests showed that Lisa’s blood
had very low levels of these hormones
...
What are the effects of FSH and LH on follicular development?
2
Title: The Reproductive System
Description: These notes are based off the Miller and Levine BIOLOGY textbooks. This powerpoint includes sexual development (puberty) in males and females, information and diagrams on both male and female reproductive organs, details on the relationship between hormones and both reproductive systems, and covers each phase of the menstrual cycle and the hormones involved with it.
Description: These notes are based off the Miller and Levine BIOLOGY textbooks. This powerpoint includes sexual development (puberty) in males and females, information and diagrams on both male and female reproductive organs, details on the relationship between hormones and both reproductive systems, and covers each phase of the menstrual cycle and the hormones involved with it.