Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: The Study of Ancient Mesopotamia
Description: Notes on Ancient Mesopotamia regarding Politics, Intellect, Geography, Economics, Achievements, Religion and Society. Detailed information provided on each area.
Description: Notes on Ancient Mesopotamia regarding Politics, Intellect, Geography, Economics, Achievements, Religion and Society. Detailed information provided on each area.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Mesopotamian Civilizations
Pages 2636
● Mesopotamia: Land between the rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)
● Sumerians were dominant people of Mesopotamia
● Repair of the irrigation networks could only be done by recognized gov
...
Then he overthrew the king and went
after other citystates (conquering cities one by one)
● Sargon transformed Akkad into the most powerful and wealthiest city in the world
● His empire stretched throughout Mesopotamia
● Hammurabi created a more predictable and stable government
● Hammurabi’s code established a set of standards that helped unify the empire
● Assyrians built Assur and Nineveh, 2 flourishing cities
● Assyrians implemented cavalry in their army and used chariots from the Hittites
● Babylon’s defensive walls were reportedly very thick, and inside the city there were
palaces and 1,179 temples
● Hanging gardens of Babylon showed the city’s wealth
● Soon, the army and agriculture used bronze tools/weapons
● Sumerians were building wheeled carts by 3000 BCE
● By 3500 BCE, Sumerians built watercraft and sailed into the Persian Gulf
● Sumerians invented the first writing system (first experimented with pictographs)
● Developed a system that used symbols to represent sounds, syllables, ideas, and physical
objects
● Mesopotamians established formal schools (most who learned to read/write became
scribes and gov’t official, but some became priests/physicians/professionals)
● Prepared accurate calendars and tracked seasons for planting/harvesting
● Calendars were 12 months, and hours were 60 minutes each (60 seconds for 1 minute),
which still carries on today
Religion
● In cities, priests maintained organized religions
● Ziggurats were distinctive step pyramids that housed temples and altars
● Priests intervened with the Gods and tried to ensure good fortune
● City inhabitants offered food, drink, and clothing to priests (who lived in temples)
Society
● Humans experimented with government systems; Brought political and social order
● New migrants to Sumer were semitic peoples/nomadic herders (Akkadian, Aramaic,
Hebrew, Phoenician) and came from Arabian and Syrian deserts
● They intermarried with Sumerians and largely adapted to Sumerian ways
● Civilians had to participate in community projects
● Nobles earned their status from being exceptional military leaders
● Small groups of people concentrated wealth and power in their hands, and Mesopotamia
developed into a patriarchal society (adult males held the power)
● Kings created images of themselves being the offspring of Gods (King Gilgamesh was
regarded as a God during his time)
● Priests and priestesses were usually relatives of rulers
● Temples took in orphans, supplied food during famine, and provided ransoms for
members captured in battle
● Classes including free commoners, slaves, and dependent clients
● Free commoners: peasant cultivators in countryside or builders/craftsmen/professionals
● Dependent clients: agricultural laborers that owed part of their production to landowners
● Both paid taxes (surplus agricultural production) and provided labor services for public
works projects
● Slaves: POW’s, criminals, heavily indebted individuals
...
Some engaged in smallscale trade and purchased their freedom
● Mesopotamians developed a patriarchal society and men held power
● Men were the head of the household (they could sell their family into slavery to pay debt)
● Women involved in affairs were killed (along with the man involved), while men could
have sex with concubines, slaves, or prostitutes without penalty
● Women still made their influence felt in society
...
Other women became scribes
● Priestesses managed the enormous estates belonging to their temples
● Some women pursued a career of shopkeepers, brewers, midwives, bakers, tavern
keepers, and textile manufacturers
● Mesopotamians insisted on the virginity of brides at marriage and forbade casual
socializing between married women and men outside of family
● Women began to wear veils when going outside
● Scribes used a stylus fashioned from reed to impress symbols on wet clay (which
hardened to keep a permanent record of the message)
● Formal education was for the wealthy, not the commoners
Title: The Study of Ancient Mesopotamia
Description: Notes on Ancient Mesopotamia regarding Politics, Intellect, Geography, Economics, Achievements, Religion and Society. Detailed information provided on each area.
Description: Notes on Ancient Mesopotamia regarding Politics, Intellect, Geography, Economics, Achievements, Religion and Society. Detailed information provided on each area.