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Diabetes Mellitus

Zhanzhong Shi
18-03-2016

1

Learning outcomes
• Understand pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
• Identify different types of diabetes mellitus
• Describe the clinical features of diabetes mellitus

• Evaluate the diagnosis criteria of diabetes mellitus
• Discuss the monitoring of diabetes

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Hormones controlling metabolism of glucose
• Insulin
• Glucagon
• Epinephrine
• Cortisol
• Growth hormone

Adapted from Fig
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26
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In: Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry A clinical Approach, by
Lieberman M et al
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3

Hormones controlling metabolism of glucose (2)
• The metabolic effects
of insulin

The metabolic effects of insulin

Adapted from: Glucose, insulin and diabetes
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2012
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P
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In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine, Goldman L and
Schafer AI, 25th edition (2016), Elsevier

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Diabetes mellitus – overview
• A group of disorders due to the deficiency of insulin or resistance, or
both
• Characterised by hyperglycaemia as well as other metabolic
disturbances, including altered lipoprotein dynamics and elevated free
fatty acid levels
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Worldwide,
285 million people were diagnosed with diabetes in 2010, and this
number is predicted to exceed 400 million by 2030

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Diabetes mellitus - diagnosis
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

Modified from Table 66-1
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In: Andreoli and
Carpenter Cecil Essentials of Medicine, by Benjamin IJ, et al
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Elsevier
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Diabetes mellitus - classification
• T1DM:

Etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus
(T1DM)

(T2DM)

• T2DM:

• GDM:

(GDM)
Adapted from Table 66-3
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9th edition (2016)
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0

6
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7

Intensive insulin therapy regimen
o

Use of type 2 diabetes drugs

Detemir*

Modified from: Table 32-5 (upper panel) and Table 32-6 (lover panel)
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13th edition (2016)

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