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Title: Packaging Principles
Description: 1st year beginner, Suitable for Mechanical, Packaging and Manufacturing Engineering Students
Description: 1st year beginner, Suitable for Mechanical, Packaging and Manufacturing Engineering Students
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POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH
DJP3013
Packaging Principles
Topic 1
Introduction to Packaging
What is Packaging?
A definition of packaging
Packaging is best described as a coordinated
system of preparing goods for transport,
distribution, storage, retailing, and use of
the goods
...
What is Packaging?
Fundamental function of packaging:
Contain /protects /preserves
/transports /informs /sells
What is Packaging?
Packaging functions range from technical to
marketing oriented:
Technical:
contain
measure
protect
dispense
preserve
store
Marketing:
communicate
promote
display
sell
inform
motivate
What is Packaging?
Technical packaging professionals need
science and engineering skills, while
marketing professionals need artistic and
motivational understanding
...
Packaging is an activity closely associated with
the evolution of society and, can be traced
back to human beginnings
...
How packaging changes to meet
society’s needs
A study of packaging’s changing roles and
forms over the centuries is a study of the
growth of civilization
...
How packaging changes to meet
society’s needs
Now, milk delivery from glass bottles to a
variety of plain and aseptic paper cartons,
plastic bottles and flexible bags;
Tomorrow, how milk will be delivered?
How packaging changes to meet
society’s needs
• Environmentally acceptable packaging
(minimal waste)
...
• Milk delivered in refillable aluminum cans?
Primitive Packaging
The origins of packaging
• We don’t know what the first package was,
but we can certainly speculate
...
Social
groupings restricted to family units
...
• Such an extreme nomadic existence does not
encourage property accumulation beyond
what can be carried on one’s back
...
•
•
•
•
a wrap of leaves;
an animal skin;
the shell of a nut or gourd;
a naturally hollow piece of wood;
The Industrial Revolution
Definition:
The IR started in England in about 1700 and spread rapidly
through Europe and North America
...
This new type of society makes great use of machinery and
manufactures goods on a large scale for general consumption
...
Inexpensive mass-produced goods available to a large segment
of the population; the consumer society born
...
Many new shops and stores opened to sell to the newly evolving
working class
...
The Evolution of New Packaging Roles
How the IR affected packaging?
• The evolution of selling and informing as vital
packaging roles
• Bulk packaging was the rule, with the barrel being the
workhorse of the packaging industry
...
• Packaging served primarily to contain and protect
...
The Evolution of New Packaging Roles
The first packaged retail products
Medicines, cosmetics, teas, liquors and
other expensive products
...
• The evolving printing and decorating arts applied to
“upscale” packages, many early decorations based on
works of art or national symbols or images
...
The Evolution of New Packaging Roles
Quaker Oats -- a new idea in branding
A packaging milestone in 1877, the Quaker personage,
the “persona”, a description of the package or product
as if it were a person
...
The Evolution of New Packaging Roles
The new packaging material-plastics
The first plastic (based on cellulose), made in
1856
...
Changes in demographics
Demographics, the study of population
structure and trends, universally realized to be
an important factor in designing products and
packages
...
Fast food and other institutional markets
• Fast-food appeared and created a demand for
disposable single-service packaging
...
• The HRI (hospital, restaurant, and institutional)
market
...
Packaging In The Late 20th Century
3
...
Packaging In The Late 20th Century
4
...
Packaging In The Late 20th Century
5
...
• A new health awareness, changes in consuming habits
and nutritional labeling
...
Yogurt became
the “in” food
...
Modern Packaging
Changing Needs and New Roles
...
- the only method of differentiating was the package itself;
Modern Packaging
1
...
Modern Packaging
2
...
Why packaging is important to our food supply
- Food is organic in nature (an animal or plant source);
- One characteristic of such organic matter is that it has
a limited natural biological life
...
Freedom from geographical and seasonal food
production
- Most food is geographically and seasonally specific
...
Modern Packaging
- It is by proper storage, packaging and transport
techniques that we are able to deliver fresh potatoes
and
Apples derived from them, throughout the year and
throughout the country
...
we are free of the natural cycles of feast and
famine that are typical of societies dependent on
natural regional food-producing cycles
...
Advantages of central processing and prepackaged
food
- Central processing allows value recovery from what
would normally be wasted
...
Packaging and mass manufacture of durable goods
- The economical manufacture of durable goods also
depends on sound packaging;
- A product’s cost is directly related to production
volume;
- Distribution packaging is a key part of the system;
- Some industries could not exist without an
international market
...
Modern Packaging
World Packaging
- Humankind’s global progress is such that virtually
every stage in the development of society and
packaging is present somewhere in the world today
...
Packaging in developed countries
- To agonize over choice of package type, hire expensive
marketing groups to develop images to entice the
targeted buyer and spend lavishly on graphics
...
Packaging in less-developed countries
- At the extreme, consumers will bring their own
packages or will consume food on the spot, just as
they did 2,000 years ago;
- Packagers from the more-developed countries
sometimes have difficulty working with lessdeveloped nations;
...
they fail to understand that their respective
packaging priorities are completely different
...
developing nations trying to sell goods to North
American markets cannot understand their
preoccupation with package and graphics
...
The United Nations and packaging
...
- Food goes beyond its natural biological life, spoils, is lost, is
infested with insects or eaten by rodents, gets wet in the
rain, leaks away or goes uneaten for numerous reasons, all
of which sound packaging principles can prevent
...
- Packaging is perceived to be a weapon against world hunger
...
“Converters and users” - the broad industry
divisions, converter and user subdivisions
- “Converters”: to take various raw materials and
convert them into useful packaging materials or
physical packages (cans, bottles, wraps)
...
The company forming the physical
package will also print or decorate the package
...
- The “supplier”, manufacturers of machines for the
user sector and the suppliers of ancillary services,
such as marketing, consumer testing and graphic
design, are also important sectors of the packaging
industry
...
Professional packaging associations
IoPP :Institute of Packaging Professionals
PAC
:Packaging Association of Canada
PMMI :Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute
FPA
:Flexible Packaging Association
WPO :World Packaging Organization
The Modern Packaging Industry
3
Title: Packaging Principles
Description: 1st year beginner, Suitable for Mechanical, Packaging and Manufacturing Engineering Students
Description: 1st year beginner, Suitable for Mechanical, Packaging and Manufacturing Engineering Students