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Title: Covalent Bonding Notes
Description: Notes on covalent bonding - how it works, representing covalent bonds, dot and cross diagrams and much more.
Description: Notes on covalent bonding - how it works, representing covalent bonds, dot and cross diagrams and much more.
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Covalent Bonding
You will need to understand what covalent bonding is, and to remember some of the
properties of molecules that are formed in this way
...
The electrons
involved are in the highest occupied energy levels - or outer shells - of the atoms
...
Covalent bonds are strong - a lot of energy is needed to break them
...
How many bonds?
Atoms may form multiple covalent bonds - that is, share not just one pair of electrons but
two or more pairs
...
There is a quick way to work out how many covalent bonds an element will form
...
The table below gives
more detail on this rule:
Hydrogen forms one covalent bond
...
Representing Covalent Bonds
Straight lines are the
most common way to
represent covalent
bonds, with each line
representing a shared
pair of electrons
...
To the right are some
examples of straight
lines and images of 3D
models
...
A double covalent
bond is shown by a double line, and a triple bond by a triple line
...
The shared electron from
one atom is shown as a dot, while the shared electron from the other atom is shown as a
cross
...
For your examination, you need to be able to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for hydrogen,
chlorine and oxygen
Title: Covalent Bonding Notes
Description: Notes on covalent bonding - how it works, representing covalent bonds, dot and cross diagrams and much more.
Description: Notes on covalent bonding - how it works, representing covalent bonds, dot and cross diagrams and much more.