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Title: Basics of Microbiology
Description: This is for college courses or simply people who want to learn about microbiology, this will include the basics to microbiology. History of microbiology will be in another file.
Description: This is for college courses or simply people who want to learn about microbiology, this will include the basics to microbiology. History of microbiology will be in another file.
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A
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Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology,
mycology, parasitology, and bacteriology
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Microbiologists
traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy
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Microbiologists often rely on extraction or detection of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA sequences
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Prions, never considered microorganisms, have
been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally
presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search—discovering "infectious
proteins"
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Otherwise, microbiology, virology, and
immunology as basic sciences have greatly exceeded the medical variants, applied sciences
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Branches
The branches of microbiology can be classified into pure and applied sciences
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There is considerable overlap between the specific branches of microbiology with each
other and with other disciplines, and certain aspects of these branches can extend beyond the
traditional scope of microbiology
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Mycology: The study of fungi
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Phycology/algology: The study of algae
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Immunology: The study of the immune system
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Nematology: The study of nematodes
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Microbial physiology: The study of how the microbial cell functions biochemically
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Microbial ecology: The relationship between microorganisms and their environment
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Closely related to the field of molecular biology
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Evolutionary microbiology: The study of the evolution of microbes
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Microbial systematic: The study of the diversity and genetic relationship of microorganisms
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Systems microbiology: A discipline bridging systems biology and microbiology
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Other
Nano microbiology: The study of those organisms on nano level
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Predictive microbiology: The quantification of relations between controlling factors in foods and
responses of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms using mathematical modelling
Applied microbiology
Medical microbiology: The study of the pathogenic microbes and the role of microbes in human
illness
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This area of microbiology also covers the study of human
microbiota, cancer, and the tumor microenvironment
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Industrial microbiology: The exploitation of microbes for use in industrial processes
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Closely linked to the biotechnology
industry
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Microbial biotechnology: The manipulation of microorganisms at the genetic and molecular level to
generate useful products
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Using
microorganisms to produce foods, for example by fermentation
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This field can be
further classified into the following:
Plant microbiology and Plant pathology: The study of the interactions between microorganisms and
plants and plant pathogens
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Veterinary microbiology: The study of the role of microbes in veterinary medicine or animal
taxonomy
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This involves the characterization of key bacterial habitats such as the rhizosphere
and phyllosphere, soil and groundwater ecosystems, open oceans or extreme environments
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Aeromicrobiology : The study of airborne microorganisms
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Benefits
While some fear microbes due to the association of some microbes with various human illnesses,
many microbes are also responsible for numerous beneficial processes such as industrial
fermentation, antibiotic production and as vehicles for cloning in more complex organisms such as
plants
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Bacteria can be used for the industrial production of amino acids
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Since some bacteria have the ability to
synthesize antibiotics, they are used for medicinal purposes, such as Streptomyces to make
aminoglycoside antibiotics
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Microorganisms are used for the biotechnological production of biopolymers with tailored
properties suitable for high-value medical application such as tissue engineering and drug delivery
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Since sites typically have multiple pollutant types, the most effective approach to microbial
biodegradation is to use a mixture of bacterial and fungal species and strains, each specific
to the biodegradation of one or more types of contaminants
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Some benefit may be conferred by consuming fermented
foods, probiotics and/or prebiotics
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Note that research has suggested that microorganisms could be useful in the treatment of
cancer
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Clostridial vectors can be safely administered and their potential to deliver
therapeutic proteins has been demonstrated in a variety of preclinical models
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coli, they exposed each of the new plates to a bacteriophage
Title: Basics of Microbiology
Description: This is for college courses or simply people who want to learn about microbiology, this will include the basics to microbiology. History of microbiology will be in another file.
Description: This is for college courses or simply people who want to learn about microbiology, this will include the basics to microbiology. History of microbiology will be in another file.