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Title: CompTIA Network+ - TCP/IP Applications
Description: CompTIA Network+ certification notes. Notes also work for any general networking class.
Description: CompTIA Network+ certification notes. Notes also work for any general networking class.
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Introduction to TCP and UDP
Tuesday, November 17, 2015
8:10 AM
The main idea behind TCP/IP is to move data
...
The most widely
used protocol suit is TCP/IP
...
Each layer usually has more than one
protocol options to carry out the responsibility that the layer adheres to
...
The server uses server software and the client uses software to connect to the server software
...
The client knows to use port 80
...
Then the server sends back a SYNACK
...
This is now an established TCP connection
...
- The server then sends back a FINACK
...
TCP Is connection oriented
...
The UDP server just sends data without communications
...
UDP is a connectionless protocol used when speed is more important than reliability
...
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
ICMP Packet: (Ping, ARP…)
Checksum Type
IGMP Packet:
Source Address Group Address Checksum Type
Multicast A set of data send across a computer network to many users at the same time
...
X
...
X
IGMP sends multicast packets to every device with the designated multicast IP address
...
ICMP & IGMP work at Layer 3 of the OSI Model
TCP IP Applications Page 3
Introduction to Wireshark
Tuesday, November 17, 2015
9:23 AM
Wireshark is a packet analyzer (AKA protocol analyzer)
After running a packet scan, selecting a packet will result in showing all the information below split up
into layers
...
Second Layer: Network Connection, Source MAC ( ), Destination MAC,
This layer has the Mac information of the network
Third Layer: Internet Protocol Version 4, Source IP, Destination IP
...
Forth Layer: Transmission Control Protocol, source port #, Destination port #, Sequence #
Contains the port information
Fifth Layer: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Web server information
The filter allows you to show only the frames you want to see
...
Netstat -n Presents the results numerically
...
Netstat -o Shows the executable and process id for every connection
Netstat -a Shows all the active ports
Netstat -r Shows the local routing table (rout print)
Protocol
Local Address
Foreign Address
State
The protocol Used Your private IP The public IP address (Established; Time_Wait)
...
Established = Currently
connected, Time_Wait = The
connection is waiting to time
out
...
You can find the process ID in task manager
...
TCP IP Applications Page 5
Web Servers
Wednesday, November 18, 2015
Http
8:27 AM
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- HTTP uses TCP port 80
Server
Software
Web servers can run on basically anything
...
Primary Web Server Software:
- Microsoft IIS
- Apache (Open Source)
Most server programs do not have a GUI
...
To find if youre running a server, you can use netstat -a
...
You can use wireshark to view the code being used when you access a web server
...
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
This adds a layer of encryption to the TCP stream
...
TCP IP Applications Page 6
FTP
Wednesday, November 18, 2015
FTP
8:41 AM
File Transfer Protocol
It predates the world wide web
...
- FTP uses ports 21 & 20
You usually need to use a third party tool to host a FTP server
...
- These accounts should only be able to read files
...
FTP clients:
- Ipswitch WS_FTP LE
- Filezilla
FTP servers automatically bring you to the home directory
...
FTP is not an encrypted protocol
...
TCP IP Applications Page 7
E-mail Servers and Clients
Wednesday, November 18, 2015
8:59 AM
Emails used to be ran by email clients and servers
...
Your clients will have to know whether it POP or IMAP
...
Using NAME
...
- steve@server
...
local
On the clients side, they can use programs like:
- Thunderbird
The difference between POP and IMAP:
- With POP, files from servers are just copied down to the client and then deleted (not sure)
...
When a client sends a email, the server receives a SMTP packet and sends it out from there
...
TCP IP Applications Page 8
Telnet and SSH
Wednesday, November 18, 2015
9:38 AM
Telnet a remote command prompt
...
Telnet server software:
- FreeSSHD
Telnet runs on port 23
...
This was the original remote connectivity tool, probably the oldest application on the internet
...
SSH is an encrypted version of Telnet
...
SSH
Secure Shell
SSH is basically the same as Telnet except it is encrypted
...
SSH will generate an encryption key
...
TCP IP Applications Page 9
Title: CompTIA Network+ - TCP/IP Applications
Description: CompTIA Network+ certification notes. Notes also work for any general networking class.
Description: CompTIA Network+ certification notes. Notes also work for any general networking class.