Notesale: Turn your study into money

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The Hindenburg
Filled with Hydrogen and it blew up
Today’s blimps are filled with Helium
One valence electron can make a difference
Any atom that doesn’t have a completely filled outermost orbital, it’s reactive
All the atoms in group 18 has a completely filled up outer orbital so it’ll never chemically
combine or react to another element
Atoms like this is are called inert atoms
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Electromagnetic force can be measured by how much energy it takes to remove an electron from
the atom
Group 18 atoms hold on to their electrons very tightly and it’s the toughest to remove an
electron from
Group 1 has the weakest hold on their electrons
The more complete the outermost orbital is, the harder it is to remove an electron
Valence electrons determine whether the atom reacts or not
Stable electron arrangement
Group 18 has a stable electron arrangement
All have 8 valence electrons with the exception of helium
Every other atom besides the 6 atoms in group 18 doesn’t have a stable electron arrangement
They all want to have a stable electron arrangement
They either lose electrons, gain electrons or share electrons
Atoms can’t ever completely merge together
The nuclei repulse each other
But each nuclei are attracted to the other atoms electrons
Pulls the atoms closer together
Reacts to each other (gaining or losing atoms)
The atom with a stronger pull gains electrons while the weaker
electron loses them, but they're willing to give the electrons up to
obtain a stable electron arrangement
Atoms want to be both neutral and have a stable electron arrangement and when they take or lose
electrons, they become either negative or positive instead of staying neutral
the two atoms that exchanged electrons chemically combine and become neutral and have
a stable electron arrangement
Atoms have to collide with enough force to be able to react with each other
Ending of the negative atom changes from ine to ide
ex) chlorine to sodium chloride
Charged atoms are called Ions
Process of becoming an Ion is called Ionization
Process requires energy and it’s called Ionization energy
the number of electrons that an atom gains or loses, it’s called an oxidation number
1st fam: Alkali Metals
2nd fam: Alkaline Earth Metals
3rd fam: Boron
4th fam: Carbon
5th fam: Nitrogen

6th fam: Oxygen
7th fam: Halogens
8th fam: Noble Gases
While making chemical formula’s you always put the element that comes first on the periodic
table from left to right
Molecules are two or more atoms that have chemically combined
Molecules are the smallest part of a compound that has the same properties of the
compound
...
0
or greater it is an ionic bond
polar and non-polar terms are used for covalent bonding and not ionic
difference in electronegativity from 0-
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6-1

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