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Title: How do cells maintain Homeostasis?
Description: Class notes for Biology class Topic: How do cells maintain Homeostasis? Focus Question: Why and how do cells divide?
Description: Class notes for Biology class Topic: How do cells maintain Homeostasis? Focus Question: Why and how do cells divide?
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How do cells maintain Homeostasis?
Essential Question: How do cells maintain homeostasis?
Focus Question: Why and how do cells divide?
True or False?
Cells divide so the organism can survive
...
Each new cell only has half the DNA of the original
...
Cancer occurs because cells divide too slowly, so they form empty spaces called tumors
...
Maintenance - New cells are needed to help tissues and organs grow
...
New cells also replace damaged cells
...
To do this, the cell must take in more nutrients,
process them, and get rid of wastes
...
As a cell gets
larger, substances must travel farther to reach where they are needed
...
As a cell gets larger, more proteins are required to maintain its
function
...
Making New Cells (if old or damaged)
Each “daughter” cell has a higher surface area–to-volume ratio than its parent does
...
Because larger cells are more difficult to maintain, cells divide when they grow to a certain size
...
The large molecule of DNA is organized into hereditary units called genes
...
Each cell has a large amount of DNA that must be
condensed into a very small volume
...
This loop of DNA contains thousands of genes
...
2
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells contain many more genes arranged on several linear DNA molecules
...
As the cell prepares to divide, the chromosomes condense even further ensuring that the extremely long
DNA molecules do not get tangled up during cell division
...
Each chromatid is made of a single, long molecule of DNA
...
During cell division, the sister chromatids are separated at the centromere, and one ends up in each
daughter cell
...
How are the nucleus, genes, chromosomes, and DNA related?
Preparing for Cell Division
All new cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells
...
Each new cell must have
all of the equipment needed to stay alive
...
Each new cells will function in the same way as the cells that they replace
...
The cytoplasm is divided when a new cell membrane forms between the two DNA copies
...
The cell is constricted in the middle, like a long balloon being squeezed near the center
...
Group activity: DRAW IT – Using the last two slides of notes, take 5 minutes and on loose leaf, draw
what you think is happening
...
3
Binary Fission
Preparing for Cell Division
Eukaryotes
The reproduction of eukaryotic cells is more complex than that of prokaryotic cells
...
In order to form two living cells, each daughter cell must contain
enough of each organelle to carry out its functions
...
Summary
Because larger cells are more difficult to maintain, cells divide when they grow to a certain size
...
All newly-formed cells require DNA, so before a cell divides, a copy of its DNA is made for each
daughter cell
Title: How do cells maintain Homeostasis?
Description: Class notes for Biology class Topic: How do cells maintain Homeostasis? Focus Question: Why and how do cells divide?
Description: Class notes for Biology class Topic: How do cells maintain Homeostasis? Focus Question: Why and how do cells divide?