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How does Cancer relate to the cell cycle
Warm Up
You have learned how cells divide
...
Each of those daughter cells divide
into two more daughter cells
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Essential Question: How do cells maintain homeostasis?
Focus Question:
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How does Cancer relate to the cell cycle?
Why does cancer occur?

Controls
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Cell division is highly controlled
...
Many proteins
within the cell control the phases of the cell cycle
...

Environmental conditions, including the availability of nutrients, also affect the cell cycle
...

Feedback signals at key checkpoints in the cell cycle can delay or trigger the next phase of the cell cycle
...


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Checkpoints

G1 Checkpoint
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Before the cell copies its DNA, the cell checks its surroundings
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 If conditions are not favorable, the cell goes into a resting period
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They do
not divide very often
...
Enzymes correct any
mistakes
...

 Proteins also double-check that the cell is large enough to divide
...
Once past this checkpoint,
proteins help to trigger mitosis
...
At this point, the cell checks
that the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers
...

This checkpoint ensures that the genetic material is distributed equally between the daughter cells
...

Cancer is a group of severe and sometimes fatal diseases that are caused by uncontrolled cell growth
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Preventing or curing cancer requires an understanding of how a healthy person’s cells can become
cancerous
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However, damage to a cell’s DNA can cause the cell to respond improperly or to stop responding
leaving the cell cycle uncontrolled
...
Eventually, these cells can form a mass
called a tumor
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A malignant tumor invades and destroys nearby healthy tissues and organs
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This process is called metastasis
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Treatment
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Some cancers can be treated by using drugs that kill the fast-growing cancer cells
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Some cancers can be treated by surgery to remove of the affected organ
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Prevention
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The best way to prevent cancer is to avoid things that can cause cancer
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Chemicals in cigarette smoke also affect how cell growth and division is regulated
...

Feedback signals at key checkpoints in the cell cycle can delay or trigger the next phase of the cell cycle
...


Practice
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

What is the point of checkpoints?
Why does cancer occur?
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