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Title: Thermodynamics
Description: Thermochemistry, thermodynamics, and relationships
Description: Thermochemistry, thermodynamics, and relationships
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Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry Summary
Terms and definitions:
H (enthalpy) is the change in heat at a constant temperature
1
...
I delta H is negative, heat is given/added to the surroundings and I is
considered exothermic
S (entropy) is the change in randomness or how spontaneous it is
1
...
This is thermodynamically
favored
2
...
This is NOT
thermodynamically favored
G (Free Energy change) – relates to ideal work from reaction and it CANNOT be
measured
...
If G > 0, then it is non-spontaneous and needs an external driving force
2
...
Laws of thermodynamics:
First Law of Thermodynamics: Law of Conservation of Energy
...
Second Law of thermodynamics: Spontaneous processes lead to increase of entropy of
the universe
Third Law of Thermodynamics: Only a perfect crystal at 0 kelvin has zero entropy
Entropy Relationships
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Mixtures > pure substances, except when going down in phase
3
...
For reactions in the same phase if more molecules are made, the higher the entropy
5
...
314; T in K; G in JOULES)
(G refers to energy change going from all things in standard state to equilibrium)
G = G + RTln Q
(G refers to energy change for ANY stage of reaction)
Title: Thermodynamics
Description: Thermochemistry, thermodynamics, and relationships
Description: Thermochemistry, thermodynamics, and relationships