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Ksp
To begin:
Solubility (S)
Ksp (Solubility product constant)
In a reaction: (Cation)n (Anion)m(s) n Cation(aq) + m Anion(aq):
n
Ksp or Q = [Cation] [Anion]
m
At a certain temperature: All salts have a given constant Ksp
If:
Q= Ksp : Solution is saturated
Q> Ksp : A solid precipitate is formed in the reaction
Q< Ksp : Solution is considered unsaturated
Solubility – Measure of how to make saturated solution
Either gram solubility (how many grams in a given volume) or MOLAR solubility (S, how many
moles per liter of saturated solution)
Relationships between S and Ksp
1
...
Write an expression to help solve for Ksp
3
...
Substitute the concentrations into the Ksp expression
Example:
Say you are given AgCl (Ksp value = 1
...
8*10^(-10) = S2 so, S=1
...
Effect of pH (acidic solutions): as you add acid the acidic solution gets neutralized (X- is
removed from the solution)