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How do sexual and asexual reproductions differ?
Essential Question: How has genetics played into allowing every organism to survive as long as they have?
Focus Question:
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How do sexual and asexual reproductions differ?
How does chromosome number differ between spices?

Review:
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What is asexual reproduction? Name an organism that uses it
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Asexual Reproduction
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In asexual reproduction, a single parent passes a complete copy of its genetic information to each of its
offspring
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What asexual reproduction method have we already learned about?
Many unicellular eukaryotes also reproduce asexually
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Fragmentation is a kind of reproduction in which the body breaks into several pieces
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Other animals, such as the hydra, go through budding
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Sexual Reproduction
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Most eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually
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Each parent produces a reproductive cell, called a gamete
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The resulting cell, called a zygote, has a combination of genetic material from both parents
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Because both parents give genetic material, the offspring has traits of both parents but is not exactly like
either parent
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Cells that are specialized for sexual reproduction are called germ cells
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Other body cells are called somatic cells
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Review
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What are the main differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Think
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Why is sexual reproduction helpful to organisms?

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
come up with as many advantages/disadvantages to sexual reproduction as possible

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
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Asexual reproduction is the simplest, most efficient method of reproduction
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But the genetic material of these organisms varies little between individuals, so they may be at a
disadvantage in a changing environment
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A population of diverse organisms is more likely to have some individuals that survive a major
environmental change
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Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes
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Haploid and Diploid Cells
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A cell, such as a somatic cell, that has two sets of chromosomes is diploid
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Gametes are haploid cells
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Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes that are similar in size, in shape, and in kinds of genes
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Chromosome Number of Various Organisms
Using the chart, figure out for each organism how many chromosomes would be in their gametes (assuming
they had them)
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I will not be answering any questions
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Sex chromosomes have genes that determine the sex of an individual
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The genes that cause a zygote to develop into a male are located on the Y chromosome
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Summary
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An individual formed by asexual reproduction is genetically identical to its parent
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Each chromosome has thousands of genes that play an important role in determining how an organism
develops and functions

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