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How are the domains and kingdoms of life broken down?
Essential Question: How do organisms continue to adapt to their environment?
Focus Question: How are the domains and kingdoms of life broken down?
Think:
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What are the three domains and six kingdoms representing life on Earth? Can you think of some
characteristics for each?

Write 3 the Domains

Write the six Kingdoms

Updating Classification Systems
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The classification system is continually being updated
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Microscopes allowed scientists to study sponge cells
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o Linnaeus hierarchical system groups organisms based on common physical characteristics
These domains are typically divided into kingdoms
o Today, most biologists tentatively recognize three domains and six kingdoms
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Organisms may have a unique system of DNA, RNA, and proteins
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Kingdom and Domain Characteristics

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Practice: What 4 characteristics are used to classify domains of organisms?

The Three-Domain System, continued
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Bacteria are prokaryotes that have a strong exterior wall and a unique genetic system
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Members of the domain Eukarya are eukaryotes, which are organisms composed of eukaryotic cells
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o Plantae
o Animalia
o Fungi
o Protista
o Plantae
Almost all plants are autotrophs that produce their own food by absorbing energy and raw materials
from the environment
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The plant cell wall is made of a rigid material called cellulose
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Animalia
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Animals are multicellular heterotrophs
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Animal cells lack a rigid cell wall
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Fungi
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Fungi are heterotrophs that are mostly multicellular
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Fungi are considered to be more closely related to animals than to any other kingdom
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Protista,
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More recently, biologists have proposed to replace Protista with several new kingdoms
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o However, some protists are being reclassified into other kingdoms
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Practice: How are Eukaryotes classified?

Summary
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Biologists have added complexity and detail to classification systems as they have learned more
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o Domain Bacteria is equivalent to Kingdom Eubacteria
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They are smaller than plant or animal cells
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 Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have
very strange shapes
o Domain Eukarya is made up of Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

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