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Title: Economics Notes
Description: Economics notes for senior year of high school Business Cycle Notes

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Sophia Somarriba 
Ms
...
 It refers to periods of phases of expansion and 
contraction (recession) 
 
Expansion: Happens when business are selling more
...
  
 
 
Trend: Economic growth over time 
 
Peak: The highest point in a given time period 
 
Trough: The lowest point in a given time period 
 
 
Long­Term Growth: Only happens when almost the entire 
population is unemployed 
 
Unemployment Rate: measures what fraction of the labour force 
cannot find jobs
...
 Whitwill  
Economics  
2 December 2015 
 
 
 
(***Hint: Be ready to label the different parts of the graph!!) 
 
 
 
 
Economic Policy   
 
 
 
Fiscal Policy: Governments spends money or decreases 
taxes
...
  
 
 
 
government purchases: Spending for goods and services by all 
levels of government  
ex: the gov’t contracts a construction company to­ replace a 
bridge, pave highways, build office spaces 
 
keynesian economics: Stimulate the economy with government 
spending during an economic downturn (when people aren’t 
buying) 
 
transfer payments: money that the government gives to individuals 
usually through social welfare programs like social security, money 
allocated to states to fund social programs  
 
social program: Unemployment benefits  
 
bond: a promise to pay the principal amount along with interest on 
a specific date (maturity)  
 
 
 
Monetary Policy: Uses the money supply to change interest 

 
Sophia Somarriba 
Ms
...
  
 
★ WHO? The federal reserve
...
  
 
★ DOES WHAT? lower interest rates make loans for cars, 
homes,and investment goods cheaper, which means 
consumption spending by households and investment 
spending by business increase
...
  
Ex
...
  
Ex
...
 

 
Sophia Somarriba 
Ms
Title: Economics Notes
Description: Economics notes for senior year of high school Business Cycle Notes