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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide- single molecule
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Sweet tasting
General formula (CH2O)
For example the formula for Glucose is C6H12O6

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Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

Disaccharide- two joined molecules
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Two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide
E
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Testing for Reducing Sugars
Benedicts Solution is an alkaline solution of Copper (2) Sulphate
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The test for a reducing sugar is referred to as semi quantitative because the colour of the mixed
solution gives us an approximation of how much sugar is in the solution
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Basically
you can’t put an exact number on it
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Properties of Starch (starch is a polysaccharide):
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Compact - good for energy storage (its main function)
Insoluble- doesn’t affect water potential
Easily/Rapidly hydrolysed down for respiration
Its branched chains can be acted on to increase the rate of being hydrolysed down

Properties of Glycogen (a polysaccharide):
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Found in the liver and muscle cells of animals
Never found in plant cells
Compact- good for energy storage
Very rapidly hydrolysed down for respiration and ATP (animals need a faster release of
energy as we have a high metabolic rate
Insoluble- doesn’t diffuse out of cells, doesn’t affect water potential

Properties of Cellulose (a polysaccharide):
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Composed of β-glucose
Chains are straight and unbranched due to hydrogen bonds and the 180 degree rotation of
the monosaccharides
Hydrogen bonds in cellulose crosslink between adjacent chains- making it very strong
Molecules are grouped to form microfibrils with then form fibres
Happy Revising 



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