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Title: Computor Notes
Description: Computer Notes

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Introduction to Computer & History
Today’s Aim
Introduction to Computer
Some early age machines
First computer programmer

What is Computer?
 Computer is a machine that takes input, processes it and gives the
output
...

 Wilhelm Schickard’s Mechanical Calculator
Wilhelm Schickard's devices (1623) was the first of a
number of mechanical calculators constructed by European
engineers, but none fit the modern definition of a computer,
because they could not be programmed
...


 Babbage’s “Analytical Engine”
In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to design a fully
programmable mechanical computer, his analytical engine
...

 Herman Hollerith (Tabulator & Key Punch Machines)
o In the late 1880s Herman Hollerith invented the recording
of data on a machine readable medium, the punch cards
(first he tried the paper tape)
...

o These three inventions (punch cards, tabulator & Key
Punch machine) were the foundation of the modern
information processing industry
 Ada Byron’s computer program
 1800s, Ada Byron, 19, English Mathematician
 Wrote the program for the still unbuilt Analytic Engine
 Wrote first program in the history of Computers
...

 In 1936 Turing provided an influential formalization of the
concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing
machine
 A Turing machine is a theoretical device that manipulates
symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
...

 May 1941
 Used Binary Number System
 Computing Mechanism was Electro-Mechanical
 Atanasoff–Berry Computer (US)
 The Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) was the first
electronic digital computing device in 1942
 Designed only to solve systems of linear equations
 The ABC pioneered important elements of modern
computing, including binary arithmetic and electronic
switching elements
 Colossus Mark 1 (UK)
 February 1944
 Used Binary Number System
 Computing Mechanism was Electronic
 Program-controlled by patch cables and switches
 Harvard Mark I – IBM ASCC (US)
 May 1944
 Used Decimal Number System
 Computing Mechanism was Electro-Mechanical
 Program-controlled by 24-channel punched paper tape
 Colossus Mark 2 (UK)
 June 1944
 Used Binary Number System
 Computing Mechanism was Electronic
 Had not passed the Turing Test


o
o
o

ENIAC (US)
July 1946
Used Decimal Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic

 Manchester Small-Scale Experimental
Machine (UK)
 June 1948
 Used Binary Number System
 Computing Mechanism was Electronic
 Stored-program in Williams cathode ray tube memory
 Modified ENIAC (US)
 September 1948
 Used Decimal Number System
 Computing Mechanism was Electronic
 Program-controlled by patch cables and switches plus a
primitive read-only stored programming mechanism using
the Function Tables as program ROM
EDSAC (UK)
May 1949
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Stored-program in mercury delay line memory

CSIRAC (Australia)
November 1949
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Stored-program in mercury delay line memory

Vacuum Tubes; Electronics arrived
History (Vacuum Tubes)
Vacuum Tubes (Thermo-ionic Valves)
Edison Effect
Fleming Valve (Vacuum Diode)

Advent of Transistors
History (Transistors)
Advent of Transistors

IC’s
History (ICs)
Late 1960s - Integrated Circuits
1971, Intel’s DRAM and EPROM

Microprocessor – The on-chip processor
History (microprocessors)
Intel 4004
Successors of Intel 4004 (pre x86)
X86-16 (16-bit) series
Altair 8800 (1975)
TRS-80 (The Model I)

SAQIB KHAN KHALIL
COMPUTER FUNDEMENTAL (LAB)
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT NO # 01
ROLL NO: 16


Title: Computor Notes
Description: Computer Notes