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Introduction to Computer & History
Today’s Aim
Introduction to Computer
Some early age machines
First computer programmer
What is Computer?
Computer is a machine that takes input, processes it and gives the
output
...
Wilhelm Schickard’s Mechanical Calculator
Wilhelm Schickard's devices (1623) was the first of a
number of mechanical calculators constructed by European
engineers, but none fit the modern definition of a computer,
because they could not be programmed
...
Babbage’s “Analytical Engine”
In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to design a fully
programmable mechanical computer, his analytical engine
...
Herman Hollerith (Tabulator & Key Punch Machines)
o In the late 1880s Herman Hollerith invented the recording
of data on a machine readable medium, the punch cards
(first he tried the paper tape)
...
o These three inventions (punch cards, tabulator & Key
Punch machine) were the foundation of the modern
information processing industry
Ada Byron’s computer program
1800s, Ada Byron, 19, English Mathematician
Wrote the program for the still unbuilt Analytic Engine
Wrote first program in the history of Computers
...
In 1936 Turing provided an influential formalization of the
concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing
machine
A Turing machine is a theoretical device that manipulates
symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
...
May 1941
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electro-Mechanical
Atanasoff–Berry Computer (US)
The Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) was the first
electronic digital computing device in 1942
Designed only to solve systems of linear equations
The ABC pioneered important elements of modern
computing, including binary arithmetic and electronic
switching elements
Colossus Mark 1 (UK)
February 1944
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Program-controlled by patch cables and switches
Harvard Mark I – IBM ASCC (US)
May 1944
Used Decimal Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electro-Mechanical
Program-controlled by 24-channel punched paper tape
Colossus Mark 2 (UK)
June 1944
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Had not passed the Turing Test
o
o
o
ENIAC (US)
July 1946
Used Decimal Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Manchester Small-Scale Experimental
Machine (UK)
June 1948
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Stored-program in Williams cathode ray tube memory
Modified ENIAC (US)
September 1948
Used Decimal Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Program-controlled by patch cables and switches plus a
primitive read-only stored programming mechanism using
the Function Tables as program ROM
EDSAC (UK)
May 1949
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Stored-program in mercury delay line memory
CSIRAC (Australia)
November 1949
Used Binary Number System
Computing Mechanism was Electronic
Stored-program in mercury delay line memory
Vacuum Tubes; Electronics arrived
History (Vacuum Tubes)
Vacuum Tubes (Thermo-ionic Valves)
Edison Effect
Fleming Valve (Vacuum Diode)
Advent of Transistors
History (Transistors)
Advent of Transistors
IC’s
History (ICs)
Late 1960s - Integrated Circuits
1971, Intel’s DRAM and EPROM
Microprocessor – The on-chip processor
History (microprocessors)
Intel 4004
Successors of Intel 4004 (pre x86)
X86-16 (16-bit) series
Altair 8800 (1975)
TRS-80 (The Model I)
SAQIB KHAN KHALIL
COMPUTER FUNDEMENTAL (LAB)
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT NO # 01
ROLL NO: 16