Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Desire B
...

2
...

4
...


Intro place of enlightenment in eary modern history- Kant 1-77
Encyclopedie:the structure of knowledge-Diderot
Science & nature-newton
Deism & religion -voltaire
Reason-descartes

Potential Questions:
Which movement started the Early Modern History?
Answer: renaissance
Which movement started the Enlightenment?
Answer: scientific renaissance
Which historical event ended the Enlightenment?
Answer: 1789 french revolution

Intellectual movements ?
Classicism

had high regard for a classical antiquity and
regarded Ancient Greece and Rome as Golden
Age

Enlightenment

celebrated reason by which humans understand
the universe and improve their own condition

Romanticism

was an artistic and literary movement that implied
understanding of the self

Positivism

collected empirical evidence

The Beginning of Periods?
Renaissance

1453 Ottomans conquered Constantinople and
Greek scholars and texts migrated to Italy

Protestant Reformation

1517 in Germany, Martin Luther posted his 95
Theses criticizing the practice of indulgences

Scientific Renaissance

1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published his work On
the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

Scientific Revolution

1632 Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems

Enlightenment as intellectual movement

1632 Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems

Enlightenment as social movement

1715 The death of Louis XIV ended the Old
regime in France

The End of Periods?
Renaissance

1517 in Germany, Martin Luther posted his 95
Theses criticizing the practice of indulgences

Protestant Reformation

1648 with the end of Thirty Years' War between
Protestant and Catholic countries

Scientific Renaissance

1632 Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems

Scientific revolution

1687 Isaac Newton published his Principia where
he formulated the laws of motion and universal
gravitation

Enlightenment as intellectual movement

1789 French Revolution

Significant Wars ?

Years:

Name:

Sides:

Consequences:

13371453

The Hundred Years' War

England and France

Marked the
Middle Ages

end

of

1618-48

Thirty Years' War

Protestant and Catholic France
became
countries
dominant in central
Europe;
Germany's
population had been
reduced by one third

1755-64

Seven Years' War

England and France

1765-83

American Revolution

England and 13 colonies US became independent

Britain rose as the
foremost world power in
the 18th Century

What Diderot’s use of Greek language to define the term Encyclopedia tells
us about Enlightenment?
Answer: Enlightenment thinkers’ use of ancient languages was legacy of
Renaissance
Why Diderot stated, “the aim of an encyclopedia is to collect all the

knowledge scattered over the face of the earth?”
Answer: The only true knowledge, according to the Enlightenment thinkers,
emerged only since Scientific Renaissance
By labeling “good citizens” [patriots that hide knowledge from foreigners]
as “bad men” because they slowed down the progress of the
humankind,Diderot argue?
Answer: that people should openly exchange knowledge
Diderot’s phrase about “the impenetrability of the Egyptian sanctuaries”
shows?
Answer: Enlightenment was ahistorical movement and regarded the history
before the age of Enlightenment as “barbaric” and impossible to understand
What Newton’s use of Latin language tells us about Enlightenment?
Answer: Enlightenment thinkers’ use of ancient languages was legacy of
Renaissance
Newton regarded his three laws of motion and the solar system as ?
Answer: Mechanical process, Most beautiful system, Proof of existence of
intelligent and powerful God
Newton understood “Philosophy" as study of?
Answer: Nature
The events in Barry Lyndon took place during ? (Quiz on movie Barry
Lyndon)
Answer: Seven Years' War, 1756-1763,French and Indian War,During the
reign of George III of England and and Frederick the Great of Prussia
During the Seven Years' War 1756-1763, the coalition with Great Britain
included ?(Quiz on movie Barry Lyndon)

Answer: Prussia
During the Seven Years' War 1756-1763, the coalition with France
included ?(Quiz on movie Barry Lyndon)
Answer: Native Americans

Authors:

Ideas:

Descartes

Sensible Ideas arise from the union of mind and
body

Bacon

Idols of the mind obstruct the path of correct
scientific reasoning

Leibniz

Everything in the universe consists of monads
(spiritual atoms)

Lock

We are born with a blank mind, and knowledge is
determined only by experience derived from
senses

Newton

Laws of motion in the solar system present
mechanical process that proves existence God

Voltaire

If God did not exist, we must invent God

Important Vocab/ Notes:
**Renaissance means "Rebirth" in French**
Middle Ages:





1453-1815 Early modern period ended with Napoleonic wars, before the Industrial
Revolution

1815 – 1989 Late modern period ended with Cold war
Contemporary era

Renaissance: 1453-1517



1453 Ottomans conquered Constantinople and Greek scholars and texts migrated to Italy
...




Renaissance is the bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history
...


Protestant reformation: 1517-1648 (more broadly, lasted until 1755)



1517 Protestant Reformation started in Germany
...




Protestant Reformation –



Divided western Christianity into Catholicism and Protestantism;



Protestants alleged that the catholic Pope was the Antichrist;



Lead to establishment of secularized civic politics and the nation state
...
Bartholomew's Day Massacre in Paris
...
400,000 French Protestants emigrated,



Scientific Renaissance focused on the recovery of the knowledge of the ancients
...


Scientific revolution1632 – 1687:



Galileo:1632 Galileo Galilei published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World
Systems
...

Newton’s works considered as "grand synthesis" that completed the scientific revolution
...
Luther came to reject several
teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church
...
He proposed an
academic discussion of the power and usefulness of indulgences in his Ninety-Five Theses of
1517
...




Luther taught that salvation and subsequently eternal life is not earned by good deeds but is
received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin
...
Those who identify with these, and
all of Luther's wider teachings, are called Lutherans even though Luther insisted on Christian or
Evangelical as the only acceptable names for individuals who professed Christ
...
It fostered the development
of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of
translation,and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible
...
His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a
model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant clergy to marry
...




---