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The elements of the short stories
1) The plot
The plot is defined as the arrangements of events
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The
same story could be produced by a number of plots
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b) Anachrony "It means that the plot is narrated either
through flash backs or flash forwards
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b) Actions "Someone did something – there is an
affector"
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Linear means "beginning – climax and denouement or
ending"
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b) Open ending: gives you more possibilities
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Circular plot "narrative": the story starts at point
and events took place but it ends at the same point
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There is always a solution
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There are many conflicts:
a) Internal conflict inside the character itself
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b) External conflict
- There is always a conflict between the character and
fate or society, another character or nature
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2

Our information about characters stems out from:
1- What the character says
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3- How this character behaves
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b) The character's choices and change
- Any character could be miserable or happy according to
the character's choice
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Time:

a) Time of story
narrative time
plot time
There is a difference between the time span and the
actual time of the story, the story of 10 years can be
narrated in one hour as the narrator can skip some
details
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There may be natural reference of time
like "dawn, dusk", also there may be artificial reference
of time for example: years and dates
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Place or geographical location:

There

are

many

geographical locations like small apartment, indoors or
outdoors (small house – big house – villa and cottage)
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3
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4
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4) Narration / point of view
4

Who narrates?
Who sees?
There are two types of narration: the first person
narrator who is the main character in the story, there is
also the third person narrator
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- It tells, gives
advice
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6) Irony:
It means to say something and you mean something else
(the opposite) verbal irony
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b) Imagery
Figures of speech

Simile

Metaphor

Personification

6

Sensual imagery
a
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Auditory ‫مسموع‬
d
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Tactile ‫ملموس‬
d
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Olfactory ‫مشموم‬



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